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PingER was originally set up for monitoring connections between High Energy Physics (HEP) sites that were mainly at National Labs and Universities in the US, Canada, Europe, and Japan. As a result, most hosts being monitored were and still are involved in Research and Education and have high-performance network links form from organizations such as: Canarie, ESnet, Internet2, GEANT, DFN etc. Such network connections have sufficient capacity to accomodate accommodate changes in traffic patterns.  These networks are deliberately well provisioned to enable research and explore the future etc.  

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To get a better idea of the overall impact we looked in more detail at 26 major countries in Africa that included 76 monitored hosts in Southern Africa (Top Level Domains: ZA, LS, BW, NM), East Africa (BI, ER, ET, KY, MG, ML, MZ, RW, SD, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), and  Central Africa (AO, CM, CD, GA)

• There  There are 10 hosts (1 host in Mozambique, 2 in Botswana, 1 in Cameroon, 1 in Eritrea, 1 in Ethiopia, 1 in Sudan, 1 in Tanzania, 1 in the Republic of South Africa, and 1 in Zambia) that had insufficient PingER data to draw any conclusions.
• We could find no interventions of the above kind for Burundi (2 hosts), and Mozambique (4 hosts).
• Three hosts had high speed (TENET) connections
• Of the remaining 60 57 hosts:
  • 17 had immediately recognizable  IPDV changes within a week of the start of an intervention, 
  • 9 had associated changes that required further investigation (typically averaging the IPDV for a period of 14 days before and after the interventions)
  • there were 3 high performance connected (TENET) hosts 
  • the remaining 34 31 either had no significant (i.e. had to be significant the IPDV needed to have a difference that lasted for at least a week) changes or the change did not match an intervention.
• We categorized the remaining hosts into the site's purpose, i.e. gov (13 hosts), net (10 hosts), com (15 hosts), edu (17 hosts), org (1 host)

  • The breakdown of host category versus IPDV changes is below. 
    
    

    	Gov	Net	Com	Edu	Org	Total
    Strong	3	3	4	7	0	17
    Medium	3	0	2	3	0	8
    Unclear	7	7	9	7	1	31
    Total	13	10	15	17	1	56

Possible Future work

Add data for South Asia.

Summarize the success by country in finding hosts with IPDV performance changes correlating with interventions in Analyze  more countries in Africa and South America.

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