TULIP Triangulation Algorithm

minRTT = propagation delay + extra delay (due to extra circular routes)

?T measured= ?t + ?t0

(Pseudo -distance)

PD = ?Tmeasured.?

(Actual distance)

D = ?T.?

PD = (?T+?T₀).?

PD = D+?T0.c

D = actual distance from the landmark.

C = speed of light

a = X(c) i.e. Speed of digital info in fiber optic cable

X = factor of c with which digital info travels in fiber optic cable.

?T = actual propagation delay along the greater circle router/paths.

?T₀ = the extra delay causing overestimation.

PD = pseudo distance