Initial instruction

• Execution after reset starts at 0xfffffffc
  • A branch instruction (either b or ba; 26 bit range) to some boot code is loaded here
    • The Xilinx example branches to in block RAM (bram) at 0xffffff00
    • The RTEMS example branches to download_entry (but I'm not sure how)
  • Potentially a sc (system call) instruction could be loaded here? Any advantage to this?
    • Probably not as the corresponding ivor register (PPC 440) is not loaded yet
    • The PPC 405 doesn't have ivor registers, so it would continue executing at the system call vector

dlEntry.s

This portion is written for the PPC 440 found in Xilinx Virtex 5 parts. The Virtex 4 version is similar.

• In our case, the boot code starts at startup
  • Other names are start, download_entry and __rtems_entry_point
• Boot code vaguely follows the "Initialization Software Requirements" outlined in the PowerPPC 440x5 Embedded Processor Core User's Manual v7.1 from IBM
  • Why only "vaguely"?
• Clear MSR
• Disable debug events
• Configure instruction and data cache registers
• Set up decrementer and timer registers
• Clear exception registers ECR and XER
• Invalidate instruction and data caches
• Clear the CPU reservation bit
• Set up CCR0, CCR1, MMUCR, CRF and CTR
• Set up TLB pages
• Set up debug events
• Set up EABI and SYSV environment
• Clear out BSS section
• Load vector offset register
• Set up TOC ( overwrites r2?)
• Set up initial stack
• Set up argument registers r3, r4 and r5
• Branch to ~claus:boot_card()

boot_card()

• Command line is in first argument
  • In our system this is always a null pointer
• Disable interrupts
• Store command line
• Call ~claus:bsp_start()
• Determine RTEMS work area and heap location and size
• Initialize RTEMS data structures
• Initialize the C library
  • This also installs the heap
• Call ~claus:bsp_pretasking_hook()

• [~claus:Enable RTEMS debugging capabilities]

• RTEMS initialization before loading device drivers
• Call ~claus:bsp_predriver_hook()
• Initialize device drivers
• Call ~claus:bsp_postdriver_hook()
• Start multitasking
  • Thread with entry point ~claus:Init runs
  • Not clear how this returns. Perhaps when the last task is deleted?
• Call ~claus:bsp_cleanup()
• Return to start code
  • Not clear what's in the lr at this point, i.e., where do we return to?

RTEMS BSP

• bsp_start()
  • Set up default character output function
  • Get CPU type and revision cached
  • Initialize device driver parameters
    • Rate of timer source for clock.c
    • bsp_timer_internal_clock
    • bsp_timer_average_overhead
    • bsp_timer_least_valid
  • Initialize default raw exception handlers
  • Call ~claus:app_bsp_start()
• bsp_pretasking_hook()
  • Call ~claus:app_bsp_pretasking_hook()
• bsp_predriver_hook()
  • Call ~claus:app_bsp_predriver_hook()
• bsp_postdriver_hook()
  • Call rtems_libio_supp_helper() to open /dev/console for stdin, stdout and stderr, if it exists
  • Call ~claus:app_bsp_postdriver_hook()
• bsp_cleanup()
  • Call ~claus:app_bsp_cleanup()

RCE BSP

• app_bsp_start()
  • Replace the character output function with one that writes to the syslog
• app_bsp_pretasking_hook()
  • Initialize ~claus:RceDebug
  • Initialize ~claus:RcePic
• app_bsp_predriver_hook()
  • Initialize ~claus:RceEthernet
  • Initialize ~claus:RceBsdnet
• app_bsp_postdriver_hook()
• app_bsp_cleanup()

RceDebug

• Set up an RTEMS extension that creates and manages the syslog

RcePic

• Set up a single PIC Manager
  • Set up a vector of PEBs
  • Set up a vector of ECDs
  • Set up a vector of FLBs
  • Set up a vector of PIBs
  • Install a BOOK-E Critical exception handler
  • Install an External Interrupt handler

RceEthernet

• Create a single empty linked list of Ethernet drivers

RceBsdnet

• Create a single empty linked list of Ethernet handlers

Init task

• Launch ~claus:init_executive() thread
• Delete the Init task

init_executive()

• This forms the intent of the loaded executable
  • Other possibilities exist, but generally, this will be one of the core executables
• Announce what's running
• Configure the network from DHCP
• Set up the dynamic linker

• [~claus:Start the shell]

• [~claus:Start the debugger daemon (gdb stub)]

• Create a Task
• Determine what the Task should run
  • Read metadata from flash
  • Read the front panel rotary switch
• Dynamically link the code
• Run the Task