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Why are detector simulations needed?

ILC Detector simulations are needed to

• optimize full detector designs for physics performance on benchmark processes
• optimize the designs of subsystems and subdetectors
• compare proposed detector technologies with each other (in concert with test beam)
  • calorimeter examples - RPC, GEM, scintillator, Silicon, lead tungstate, hybrid
• compare different full detector designs
• compare MC Monte Carlo results with test beam results to understand bothfor Geant4 physics list validation
• compare, test, and debug reconstruction and analysis algorithms optimize design of subsystems, subdetectorsand other software
• understand the role of dead material materials in affecting physics processesthe overall detector performance
• model the understand effects of hardware inefficiencies such as cross-talk, dead cells, etc.
• understand the effects of backgrounds on detector performance
• establish an a software infrastructure for the actual detector experiment(s)

What groups are involved with ILC detector simulations?

• ACFA
• ALCPG
• CALICE
• ECFA
• SLAC Simulations Group

Where can I get additional information about software packages?

• Linear Collider R&D Working Group (LCRD)
• NICADD
• University Consortium for Linear Collider R&D (UCLC)

Which labs are the primary ones involved with ILC detector simulations?

• SLAC
• DESY
• KEK
• FNAL
• IN2P3

What (US) schools and universities are involved with ILC detector simulations?

• University of Colorado at Boulder
• University of Kansas
• University of Oregon
• Cambridge
• Iowa State
• Northern Illinois University

Where can I get additional information about software packages?

The LCSim Software Index has links to all the primary tools for ILC Detector SimulationsThe LCSim Software Index has links to all the primary tools for ILC Detector Simulations. The Portals Section lists sites that cover full suites of software.

What conference

...

cover ILC detector

...

simulations?

LCWSlcws
alcpg workshops ALCPG Workshops
efca ECFA workshops
acfa workshops
ACFA Workshops

Where can I find documents about ILC detector simulations aside from workshop talks?

ILC Wiki
NICADD agenda server
CALICE agenda server
ILC Agenda
LCNotes

Is there a more complete list of ILC groups/links?

List of ILC Groups, Conferences, and other Resources

TODO: Update the resources list

Feedback

Is there an forum for ILC detector simulation issues?

...

Are there mailing lists for questions or announcements about ILC detector simulation?

lcd-l
lcd-dev
lcd-sim (Is this still active?)
TODO: Which of the lcd lists are still active? --JMcalice-sw (active and useful for tbeam people)

Detector Concepts

What are the proposed detector concepts?

There are now four proposed detector designs for the ILC which each having , each of which has an an outline document. These are the

(above based on slide from Hitoshi Yamamoto)

What is the SiD?

• Silicon Detector (SiD)

...

• (American origin)
  • Silicon tracker, 5T field
  SiD (American origin)
  • Silicon tracker, 5T field
  • SiW ECAL
  • 4 'coordinators' (2 Americans, 1 Asian, 1 European)
• LDC (European origin)
  • TPC (+Silicon IT), 4T field
  • SiW ECAL ("medium" radius)
  • 6 'contact persons': (2 Americans, 2 Asians, 2 Europeans)
• GLD (Asian origin)
  • TPC (+Large Silicon IT), 3T field
  • W/Scintillator ECAL ("large" radius)
  • 6 'contact persons': (2 Americans, 2 Asians, 2 Europeans)

(above from slide of Hitoshi Yamamoto)

What is the SiD?

From the SiD homepage, "The Silicon Detector Design Study is being organized to develop the SiD Detector Concept into a detailed, optimized, and fully integrated detector design on a roughly one year time scale. The SiD concept incorporates Si/From the SiD homepage, "The Silicon Detector Design Study is being organized to develop the SiD Detector Concept into a detailed, optimized, and fully integrated detector design on a roughly one year time scale. The SiD concept incorporates Si/W calorimetry and Si tracking in a Linear Collider detector design which attempts to optimize physics performance while realistically constraining costs."

SiD Detector Outline Document
SiD Meeting Agendas - with documents

What is the GLD?

GLD Detector Outline Document

GLD Detector Outline Document Kickoff

What is the LDC?

LDC Detector Outline Document

...

• GLD (Asian origin)
  • TPC (+Large Silicon IT), 3T field
  • W/Scintillator ECAL ("large" radius)
  • 6 'contact persons': (2 Americans, 2 Asians, 2 Europeans)

What is the LDC?

• Large Detector Concept (LDC) (European origin)
  • TPC (+Silicon IT), 4T field
  • SiW ECAL ("medium" radius)
  • 6 'contact persons': (2 Americans, 2 Asians, 2 Europeans)

LDC Detector Outline Document

What is the fourth concept?

• fourth concept

Fourth Concept Outline Document

Subsystems

Where can I go for information about ILC detector R&D

...

programs?

• ANL
• CALICE
• DESY
• FNAL
• Iowa State
• LBL
• KEK
• IN2P3
• ITEP
• NICADD
• SLAC
• University of Colorado at Boulder
• University of Oregon

And many others I probably missed.

Where can I go for more information about ILC detector R&D programs?

LCRD UCLC FY06
ILC Detector R&D - mostly archival materials

LCRD UCLC FY06
ILC Detector R&D - mostly archival materials

What are the main subsytems of an ILC detector?

vertexing
foward tracking
central tracking
calorimetry (ECAL, HCAL)
muon system
magnet
DAQ, electronics, detector integration

(from slide of Ties Behnke)

Calorimetry

What technologies are being considered for the HCAL?

...

What technologies are being considered for the MUON subsystem or tailcatcher?

RPC
scintillator

Tracking

What technologies are

...

being considered for the tracking system?

Silicon

Where can I go for more information about testbeams?

Tracking

What technologies are being considered for the tracking system?

Silicon
TPC

Vertexing

What technologies are being considered for the vertexing system?

Far Forward Calorimetry

...

Forward Region

luminosity monitor
beam monitor
photon calorimeter

Software Frameworks

What tools are available for detector simulation and related research?

(above from slide of Tony Johnson)

Isn't there one main software framework for ILC detector simulation that I can use?

There are three (and soon-to-be four) separate software frameworks corresponding to each Each of the major detector concepts . TODO: What kind of common software packages can we establish and use effectively among all 4 groups? --JMuses a separate software framework, with LCIO providing interoperability.

What frameworks are available for ILC Detector Simulations?

There are three four differents toolchains that can be used, corresponding to the LDC, SiD, and GLD detectorsGLD, and "fourth detector" concepts. The software suites corresponding to the first two detectors can simulate all 3 of the detector concepts, so there is no strict division on which tools should be used for a certain detector study.

What are the software frameworks that correspond to each design?

Which software tools are associated with SiD?

The ALCPG and SLAC use the SLIC Simulations Package (C++) with the org.lcsim for reconstruction and analysis using Java. This system also uses the JAS3 graphical analysis environment. Much of the functionality within org.lcsim comes from the FreeHep Java Library.slic
lcdd gdml
GeomConverter
org.lcsim
SlicDiagnostics
Maven
Netbeans
JAS3
WIRED
AIDA

Which software tools are associated with GLD?

Finally, the ACFA group has a suite of softare based on the ROOT framework.

Jupiter and satellites
Root

Which software tools are associated with LDC?

...

ILC Software Meeting at Cambridge - focuses on LDC framework (Mokka, Marlin)

What software is associated with the fourth concept?

The 4th concept is using ILCROOT, which is itself based on AliRoot.

Bug Reports

How do I file a bug report or make a feature request related to ILC software?

...

The projects relavent to ILC are ...

• SLIC
• LCDD
• GeomConverter
• LCDetectors
• LCIO
• LCSIM
• www-lcsim

Each package Most of these packages will be covered in more detail within this FAQ.

...

Several packages are used by org.lcsim that are not specific to ILC simulations. There is a separate FreeHep bugtracker for these projects. These Jira projects include ...

• JAS3
• AIDA
• WIRED

How do I get an account on the ILC or FreeHep Jira?

...

You can checkout projects with this command.

cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.freehep.org:/cvs/lcd co [module]

...

Can I browse the SLAC CVS on the WWW?

jcvs

What are some other

...

source code repositories I should know about?

Freehep CVS, Freehep Maven Repositories
LCIO
CALICE
Marlin
, MarlinReco, CED
GDML DESY

What are the recommended CVS tools for Windows users?

Windows users should look at Tortoise CVS which adds extensions to Explorer for easily checking out and managing CVS projects.

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Geant4 and CLHEP

What is

...

Geant4?

SLIC stands for "Simulator for the Linear Collider". It is a full simulation package that uses the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit to simulate Geant4 is the core Monte Carlo simulator used by all ILC detector simulations programs. It tracks the passage of particles through matter and simulates the detector. SLIC outputs LCIO files that can be analysed using a variety of frameworks and language bindings. SLIC uses a separate backend for the input of detector data called Linear Collider Detector Description (LCDD), which itself is based on the GDML project from CERN.

Where is SLIC's homepage?

The SLIC Confluence page is the best source for up-to-date information on this software package.

Who is the primary maintainer of SLIC?

particle interactions.

How do I build Geant4?

Before installing Geant4, you need to download and build http://proj-clhep.web.cern.ch/proj-clhep/.

Then download the Geant4 sources from the distribution page.

Once you have obtained the sources, please read the Installation Guide carefully.

The following sequence of commands should get you up and running on Linux (using bash shell).

export CLHEP_BASE_DIR=/your/path/to/clhep
tar -zxvf geant4.x.tar.gz
cd geant4.x
export G4INSTALL=$(pwd)
export G4WORKDIR=$(pwd)
export G4SYSTEM=Linux-g++
cd geant4.x/source
make
make includes
cd ../physics_lists/hadronic
make

This will take up to several hours depending on the speed of your machine.

Next, try to build an example application.

cd geant4.x/examples/novice/N03
export G4WORKDIR=$(pwd)
make all

Now you should have the ./bin/Linux-g++/N03 binary.

How do I rebuild just the Geant4 visualization libraries?

After reconfiguring your environment using the G4VIS variables, rebuild the Geant4 visualization as follows.

cd $G4INSTALL/source/visualization
gmake clean
gmake
cd $G4INSTALL/source/interfaces
gmake clean
gmake
cd $G4INSTALL/source
gmake libmap

SLIC

What is SLIC?

SLIC stands for "Simulator for the Linear Collider". It is a full simulation package that uses the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit to simulate the passage of particles through the detector. SLIC outputs LCIO files that can be analysed using a variety of frameworks and language bindings. SLIC uses a separate backend for the input of detector data called Linear Collider Detector Description (LCDD), which itself is based on the GDML project from CERN.

Where is SLIC's homepage?

The SLIC Confluence page is the best source for up-to-date information on this software package.

Who is the primary maintainer of SLIC?

Jeremy McCormick <jeremym@slac.Jeremy McCormick <jeremym@slac.stanford.edu> is the primary author and maintainer of SLIC. The handling of MCParticles in SLIC was based on earlier work by Ron Cassell <cassell@slac.stanford.edu> from a package called Linear Collider Simulator (LCS). Much work has also been done by Ron to verify and debug the LCIO output files.

...

These are located at ...

http://www.lcsim.org/dist/slic/

To download a Linux release, use these commands.

wget http://www.lcsim.org/dist/slic/slic-1_13_3-Linux-g%2B%2B-bin.tar.gz
tar -zxvf slic-1_13_3-Linux-g++-bin.tar.gz

...

It is useable from anywhere on the host where it was installed.

/path/to/my/SimDist/scripts/slic.sh [options]

...

Assuming you are within the slic package's top directory you would run it with this command.

./bin/$G4SYSTEM/slic [options]

The G4SYSTEM variable depends on your platform. For instance, on Linux, it is set to Linux-g++, so the command would be ...

./bin/Linux-g++/slic [options]

...

If you installed SLIC in the recommended way, the only runtime dependency would be the Xerces C++ shared library. The Xerces library directory needs to be added to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH (bash), so that the loader can find this library when slic executes.

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/my/xerces/install/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

If you see this error, it means that the LD_LIBRARY_PATH has not been set correctly.

./slic/bin/Linux-g++/slic: error while loading shared libraries: libxerces-c.so.27: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

...

To see explanations of slic's command-line options, use the "-h" option.

slic -h

This will print slic usage and exit.

...

Typing slic -h will print the available command-line options.

************************
* Command Line Options *
************************

Option  Full Name       Min Args  Max Args  Macro Command           Description
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-h      --help          0         0         /slic/usage             Print SLIC usage.
-n      --interactive   0         0         /control/interactive    Start a Geant4 interactive session.
-v      --version       0         0         /slic/version           Print SLIC version.
-m      --macro         1         1         /control/execute        Execute Geant4 commands from a file.
-g      --lcdd-url      1         1         /lcdd/url               Set LCDD geometry file URL.
-i      --event-file    1         1         /generator/filename     Set event input file full path.
-o      --lcio-file     1         1         /lcio/filename          Set name of LCIO output file.
-p      --lcio-path     1         1         /lcio/path              Set directory for LCIO output.
-O      --autoname      0         1         /lcio/autoname          Automatically name the LCIO output file.
-x      --lcio-delete   0         0         /lcio/fileExists delete Delete an existing LCIO file.
-r      --run-events    1         1         /run/beamOn             Run # of events.
-s      --skip-events   1         1         /generator/skipEvents   Set number of events to skip.
-l      --physics-list  1         1         /physics/select         Set Geant4 physics list.
-L      --log-file      0         0         /log/filename           Set logfile name.
-d      --seed          0         1         /random/seed            Set the random seed.  (No argument seeds with time.)

...

prints the SLIC version, along with a lot of other information (probably too much).

Simulator for the Linear Collider; SLIC; v1r13p6; Jeremy McCormick and Ron Cassell; SLAC; Tue Apr  4 17:32:07 PDT 2006

...

SLIC prints a splash screen as it starts up with the version, build date, and other information.

*************************************************************
 App     : Simulator for the Linear Collider (SLIC)
 Version : v1r13p6
 Date    : Tue Apr  4 17:32:07 PDT 2006
 Authors : Jeremy McCormick and Ron Cassell
 Inst    : SLAC
 WWW     : http://www.lcsim.org/software/slic
 Contact : jeremym@slac.stanford.edu
*************************************************************

...

The Geant4 toolkit prints a splash screen that SLIC displays when it starts up.

*************************************************************
 Geant4 version Name: geant4-08-00-patch-01    (10-February-2006)
                      Copyright : Geant4 Collaboration
                      Reference : NIM A 506 (2003), 250-303
                            WWW : http://cern.ch/geant4
*************************************************************

...

SLIC commands are added into various directories within the Geant4 UI hierarchy. From interactive mode, use this command to print information on a SLIC or LCDD command.

help [command]

Those directories containing only SLIC or LCDD commands are marked with SLIC or LCDD.

/lcio/   LCIO output commands. [SLIC]

...

You can put Geant4 UI commands into one or more macro files that slic can execute. This is done with the "-m" switch. There can be any number of these switches given to slic at the commandline. For instance, this command will execute the two macros init.mac and run.mac.

slic -m init.mac -m run.mac

...

If macros are interspersed throughout the command switches, then SLIC will also execute each command in order.

slic -m init.mac -x -o output -p myDir -m run.mac

...

This command will start Geant4 in PreInit mode where the geometry is not loaded.

slic -n

Other commands may also be executed before the interactive mode starts.

slic -g myGeom.lcdd -n

The LCDD file will be constructed, so the simulator will start in Idle mode.

...

The following command illustrates some of the options that could be used in a typical batch run.

slic -g myGeom.lcdd \              # geometry file
     -i events.stdhep \            # StdHep input file
     -p lcio/ \                    # path for LCIO output file
     -o output.slcio \             # name of LCIO output file
     -x \                          # delete existing LCIO file
     -r 1234 \                     # seed the random engine
     -s 100 \                      # number of events to skip
     -r 1000                       # number of events to run

...

In bash, direct all output to a file, as follows.

slic &> job.log &

Now use the tail command to look at the output file as the job progresses.

tail -f job.log

The BeginEvent and EndEvent markers are the best indicators of the job's progress.

...

This is an example of submitting a job to run 1000 events through the sid00 detector on the xlong batch queue.

bsub -q xlong -o `pwd`/job.log -e `pwd`/err.log time slic -g sid00.lcdd -i events.stdhep -o events_sid00 -r 1000

LSF accepts plain bash scripts to start jobs. Mine usually use a few for loops to run combinations of geometries with StdHep files.

for g in $(ls *.lcdd); do
  for s in $(ls stdhep/*.stdhep); do
    fname=$(basename ${s%.*})_$(basename ${g%.*})
    bsub -o `pwd`/$fname.log -e `pwd`/$fname.err -q xlong time slic -g $g -i $i -o $fname
  done
done 

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Example LSF submission scripts can be found in Jeremy McCormick's jobs directory on the SLAC Linux machines at ~jeremym/work/jobs.

How do I run SLIC on the Condor batch system?

TODO: An old version works on Condor but probably not SimDist. I will get this running at NICADD.

Can I run SLIC on the Grid?

No. But I am working on it.

Why not?

Because getting things to run on the Grid is hardMcCormick's jobs directory on the SLAC Linux machines at ~jeremym/work/jobs.

How can I make SLIC look for XML schemas in a local directory?

...

The following command illustrates the autoname feature.

/lcio/autoname event application version geometry

...

Turn on the save feature.

/random/setSavingFlag true

...

To save the current event to a unique file, use this command.

/random/saveThisEvent

This copies currentEvent.rndm to runXXXevtYYY.rndm.

To do this for every event, put the saveThisEvent command in a macro called rndmSave.mac and run events in this fashion.

/run/beamOn 1000 rndmSave.mac

...

To restore the random state, use this Geant4 UI command.

/random/resetEngineFrom currentEvent.rndm

This can be used to "replay" events of interest. This feature will probably be used with SLIC's skipEvents feature in order to jump to the event first before restoring its random state.

/random/resetEngineFrom run0event1000.rndm
/generator/skipEvents 1000

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The -l option or /physics/select command takes the name of the physics list to use as an argument.

/physics/select LHEP

This must happen in the PreInit stage. Once the simulator is in Idle state, the physics list is set permanently for that run, and SLIC must be restarted to use a different list.

...

The command selectStepper sets the integrator, where the argument can be one of the following.

G4ClassicalRK4
G4ExplicitEuler
G4HelixExplicitEuler
G4HelixHeum
G4HelixImplicitEuler
G4HelixSimpleRunge
G4ImplicitEuler
G4CashKarpRKF45
G4SimpleHeum
G4SimpleRunge

...

How do I use the General Particle Source (GPS)?

Geant4 includes a flexible and powerful particle generator called the General Particle Source or GPS.

Execute this command to select GPS as the event source.

/generator/select gps

Actually, GPS is the default, but this can be used to switch if another generator is being used (e.g. in interactive mode).

Refer to the GPS User's Guide for detailed instructions on using this tool.

There are also a few sample GPS macros in the slic CVS project at macros/gps*.mac_.

How do I use the

...

particle gun?

Geant4 includes a flexible and powerful particle generator called the General Particle Source or GPS.

Execute this command to select GPS as the event source.

/generator/select gps

Actually, GPS is the default, but this can be used to switch if another generator is being used (e.g. in interactive mode).

Refer to the GPS User's Guide for detailed instructions on using this tool.

There are also a few sample GPS macros in the slic CVS project at macros/gps*.mac_.

How do I use the particle gun?

Geant4 includes a simple particle gun that can be selected with this command.

/generator/select gun

However, GPS is the recommended single particle source, and the G4ParticleGun should be considered deprecated, in my opinion.

How can I print information about the current event generator?

Use the command /generator/dumpEvent to display information about the current generator and its event.

What GUIs are available for SLIC?

There are only a limited number of

SLIC Runner is a Java program that uses Swing.

TODO: Fix SLIC Runner to work with latest SLIC.

The built-in GUIs of Geant4 are available, including the XM interface.

If I have a problem with SLIC or find a bug, what information should I include in my report?

simple particle gun that can be selected with this command.

/generator/select gun

However, GPS is the recommended single particle source, and the G4ParticleGun should be considered deprecated, in my opinion.

How can I print information about the current event generator?

Use the command /generator/dumpEvent to display information about the current generator and its event.

What GUIs are available for SLIC?

There are only a limited number of

SLIC Runner is a Java program that uses Swing.

TODO: Fix SLIC Runner to work with latest SLIC.

The built-in GUIs of Geant4 are available, including the XM interface.

If I have a problem with SLIC or find a bug, what information should I include in my report?

Please include the following information in bug reports.

• Your name and institutional affiliation
• Operating system and version

• Version of gcc compiler

  Code Block
  gcc -v

• Versions of all SimDist software packages

  Code Block
  cat SimDist/packages/*/VERSION &> myversions.txt

• If not using SimDist, please provide at least the SLIC and GEANT4 version numbers.
• Run macro for reproducing the bugged LCIO file
• Publically accessible location of the StdHep input file (if any)
• Versions of GeomConverter and org.lcsim that you are using (if applicable)

Geometry using GDML and LCDD

...

How do I dump the current Geant4 geometry to GDML using SLIC?

/lcdd/dumpGDML mygeom.gdml

...

This is an example of reading a local file from the command line.

slic -g /path/to/myGeom.lcdd

This command reads the geometry from a URL.

slic -g http://www.lcsim.org/detectors/sid00/sid00.lcdd

...

To read in a "plain" GDML file, simply use the "-g" option as you normally would ...

slic -g myGeom.gdml

The LCDD system will use the GDML schema instead of LCDD and the geometry should be loaded successfully.

How do I check my Geant4 geometry for overlaps?

/geometry/test/recursive_test

...

The Geant4 OpenGL visualization driver can be used to immediately visualize the detector and events. The following command can be used to visualize the detector geometry plus hits and trajectories from the event.

/vis/scene/create
/vis/scene/add/volume
/vis/scene/add/hits
/vis/scene/add/trajectories
/vis/open OGLSX

...

A command similar to this will write out a HepRep zip file to the current directory.

/vis/scene/create 
/vis/open HepRepXML
/vis/viewer/set/culling global false
/vis/scene/add/volume 
/vis/scene/add/trajectories
/vis/scene/add/hits

How do I use DAWN from within Geant4?

/vis/open DAWNFILE

How can I make cuts using DAWN?

...

LCIO comes with the dumpevent tool that dumps an LCIO file's contents from the command-line. Typically, this would be used with a pager.

$LCIO/bin/dumpevent outfile.slcio 0 1 | less

...

Compact detectors are kept at this base url in zip files named with the detector tag.

http://www.lcsim.org/detectors

For instance, this is the location of the sid00 detector's resource file.

http://www.lcsim.org/detectors/sid00.zip

...

A list of available compact detectors is kept at this URL.

http://www.lcsim.org/detectors/taglist.txt 

...

Add an alias to ~/.lcsim/alias.properties which points to your detector's resources.

A zip file.

mydet: file:///path/to/mydet.zip

Or the directory.

mydet: file:///path/to/mydet/

...

How do I convert compact detectors into LCDD using GeomConverter?

GeomConverter/bin/GeomConverter -o lcdd compact.xml mydet.lcdd

...

All attribute values are evaluated by the JDOM expression factory.

<constant name="myval" value="2.0 * cm"/>    

...

What "magic" constants are expected by the compact reader?

<define>

  <!-- centimeters -->
  <constant name="cm" value="10"/>

  <!-- world -->
  <constant name="world_side" value="30000" />
  <constant name="world_x" value="world_side" />
  <constant name="world_y" value="world_side" />
  <constant name="world_z" value="world_side" />

  <!-- tracking region -->
  <constant name="tracking_region_radius" value="175.*cm"/>
  <constant name="tracking_region_zmax" value="282.*cm"/>

</define>

...

Cylindrical calorimeter barrel.

<detector id="1" name="EMBarrel" type="CylindricalBarrelCalorimeter" readout="EcalBarrHits">
  <dimensions inner_r = "ecal_barrel_inner_r" outer_z = "ecal_barrel_outer_z" />
  <layer repeat="30">
    <slice material = "Tungsten" thickness = "ecal_absorber_thickness" />
    <slice material = "Silicon" thickness = "ecal_sensor_thickness" />
  </layer>
</detector>

Cylindrical endcap calorimeter.

<detector id="2" name="EMEndcap" reflect="true" type="CylindricalEndcapCalorimeter" readout="EcalEndcapHits">
  <dimensions inner_r = "ecal_endcap_inner_r" inner_z = "ecal_endcap_inner_z" outer_r = "ecal_endcap_outer_r" />
  <layer repeat="30">
    <slice material = "Tungsten" thickness = "ecal_absorber_thickness" />
    <slice material = "Silicon" thickness = "ecal_sensor_thickness" />
  </layer>
</detector>

...

Polyhedra calorimeter barrel.

<detector id="3" name="EMBarrel" type="PolyhedraBarrelCalorimeter" readout="EcalBarrHits">
  <dimensions z="ecal_barrel_full_z" numsides="8" rmin="ecal_barrel_rmin"/>
    <layer repeat="30">
      <slice material="Tungsten" thickness="ecal_absorber_thickness"/>
      <slice material="Silicon" thickness="ecal_sensor_thickness" sensitive="yes"/>
    </layer>
</detector>

Polyhedra endcap calorimeter.

<detector id="4" name="EMEndcap" reflect="true" type="PolyhedraEndcapCalorimeter" readout="EcalEndcapHits">
  <dimensions numsides="8" rmin="ecal_endcap_rmin" rmax="ecal_endcap_rmax" zmin="ecal_endcap_zmin"/>
  <layer repeat="30">
    <slice material="Tungsten" thickness="ecal_absorber_thickness"/>
    <slice material="Silicon" thickness="ecal_sensor_thickness" sensitive="yes"/>
  </layer>
</detector>

...

GridXYZ segmentation.

<readout name="HcalBarrHits">
  <segmentation type="GridXYZ" gridSizeX="10.0" gridSizeY="10.0"/>
  <id>layer:7,system:6,barrel:3,x:32:-16,y:-16</id>
</readout>

Nonprojective cylinder.

<readout name="EcalBarrHits">
  <segmentation type="NonprojectiveCylinder" gridSizePhi="0.35*cm" gridSizeZ="0.35*cm" />
  <id>system:8,layer:8,barrel:3,phi:32:16,z:-16</id>
</readout>

Projective Z plane (projective endcap).

<readout name="HcalEndcapHits">
  <segmentation type="ProjectiveZPlane" thetaBins="600" phiBins="1200"/>
  <id>layer:7,system:6,barrel:3,theta:32:11,phi:11</id>
</readout>

Projective cylinder.

<readout name="HcalBarrHits">
  <segmentation type="ProjectiveCylinder" thetaBins="600" phiBins="1200"/>
  <id>layer:7,system:6,barrel:3,theta:32:11,phi:11</id>
</readout>

How do I define a silicon tracker?

Tracker barrel.

<detector id="1" name="TrackerBarrel" type="MultiLayerTracker" readout="TkrBarrHits">
  <layer id="1" inner_r = "20.000*cm" outer_z = "26.7*cm">
  <slice material = "Silicon" thickness = "0.00048*cm" />
  <!-- N layers can go here -->
</layer>

Tracker endcap.

<detector id="14" name="TrackerEndcap" type="DiskTracker" reflect="true" readout="TkrEndcapHits">
  <layer id="1" inner_r = "4.0*cm" inner_z = "30.0*cm" outer_r = "25.000*cm">
    <slice material = "Silicon" thickness = "0.03*cm" sensitive = "yes" />
  </layer>
  <!-- N layers can go here -->
</detector>

How do I define a TPC?

<detector id="2" name="TPC" type="TPC" readout="TPCHits">
  <dimensions inner_r = "36.2*cm" outer_z = "250.0*cm" />
  <layer repeat="200">
    <slice material="P10" thickness="tpc_gas_thickness" sensitive="yes" />
  </layer>
</detector>

...

Unlike calorimeters, tracker hits are written out "in the raw" without any digitization (or binning), so no segmentation is used at the simulation level.

<readout name="TkrBarrHits">
  <id>layer:10,system:6,barrel:3</id>
</readout>

How do I define a simple magnetic field?

<fields>
  <field type="Solenoid" name="GlobalSolenoid"
         inner_field="5.0"
         outer_field="-0.6"
         zmax="1000"
         outer_radius="144*cm+(2+1)*34*cm"/>
</fields>

...

The org.lcsim package can parse a field map with a line-oriented format. This gives the magnetic field strength at a given radius (r) and z.

r z Br Bz

Reference a field map from the compact description.

<fields>
  <field type="RZFieldMap" name="RZFieldMapTest"
         gridSizeZ="10.0"
         gridSizeR="10.0"             
         numBinsZ="64"
         numBinsR="67"
         url="http://www.lcsim.org/test/solenoid_5tesla.dat"/>
</fields>

How do I define a new material?

<material name="ArgonGas">
  <D type="density" value="0.00178" unit="g/cm3"/>
  <composite n="1"  ref="Ar" />
</material>

<material name="MethaneGas">
  <D type="density" value="0.000717" unit="g/cm3"/>
  <composite n="1"  ref="C" />
  <composite n="4" ref="H" />
</material>

<material name="P10">
  <D type="density" value="0.00178" unit="g/cm3"/>
  <fraction n=".9"  ref="ArgonGas" />
  <fraction n=".1"  ref="MethaneGas" />
</material>

How do I set physics limits?

<limits>
  <limitset name="MyLimits">
    <limit name="step_length_max" particles="*" value="1.0" unit="mm" />
  </limitset> 
</limits>

Reference from a slice element within layer.

<slice limits="MyLimits" ... />

How do I set the range cut?

<regions>
  <region name="MyRegion" store_secondaries="true" cut="0.1" lunit="mm" threshold="0.001" eunit="GeV" />
</regions>

Reference from a slice element within layer.

<slice limits="MyRegion" ... />

...

What tools do I need to use org.lcsim?

Java     1.5
Maven    1.0
JAS3     0.8.3 (optional)
Netbeans 5.0 (optional)

...

Where can I go for more information on org.lcsim?

• org.lcsim Homepageorg.lcsim Wiki
• org.lcsim Wiki

How do I use the contrib area?

Event Generation

What tools are used for ILC event generation?

How do I use Pandora-Pythia?

How do I use HERWIG?

How do I use

...

WHIZARD?

Grid

What Grids are available for ILC users?

ILC Grid at DESY

Which tools are available on the Grid?

• Mokka

How do I get a Grid certificate?

SLAC users should get a PPDG-sponsored certificate.

registration form

Doug Olson <dlolson@lbl.gov> is responsible for the PPDG registration authority.

What tools do I need to install to use the Grid?

How do I download files from the Grid?

Use the lcg-cp command.

How can I run a simulation job on the Grid?

How can I run an analysis job on the Grid?

Mokka

What is Mokka?

How do I download and install Mokka?

How do I run Mokka?

How do I get Mokka-generated LCIO files from the Grid?

How do I execute Mokka on the Grid?

How do I create my own SQL database for Mokka?

What is CGA?

How do I define my own Mokka detector or subdetector?

Marlin

What is Marlin?

What is MarlinReco

How do I download and install Marlin and MarlinReco?

Where do I go for more information about Marlin?

CALICE Testbeam Software

What software tools are used by the CALICE collaboration?

How do I install the CALICE tools?

Where can I go for more information about CALICE software?

Miscellaneous

What about Python?

LCIO has a Python binding.

What about ROOT?

Marlin uses AIDA -> RAIDA -> Root (But there already exists RAIDA, which is "remote AIDA", so we appear to be running out of acronyms.)

What about FLUKA?

FLUKA is not open source, and it is not easy to interface to Geant4. The AliRoot framework has access to FLUKA.

What about Geant3?

Used by BRAHMS.

What about AliRoot?

4th concept is using it.

What about Gismo, LCDRoot, LCDG4, LCS?

These are all deprecated simulation packages. Parts of the last two were used in SLIC.

What about EGCS and GHEISHA?

What virtual organizations (VO) are associated with the ILC grid?

ilc
calice

Which tools are available on the Grid?

• Mokka

How do I get a Grid certificate?

SLAC users should get a PPDG-sponsored certificate.

registration form

Doug Olson <dlolson@lbl.gov> is responsible for the PPDG registration authority.

request ILC VO membership at DESY

create a loadable Grid certificate

What tools do I need to install to use the Grid?

How do I download files from the Grid?

Use the lcg-cp command.

lcg-cp --vo ilc lfn:{LFNfromDB} file:{absolute path}

How can I run a simulation job on the Grid?

How can I run an analysis job on the Grid?

How do I use the LCG2 tools at CERN?

lxplus LCG2 instructions

Where can I go for more information about the ILC Grid?

http://grid.desy.de/
http://grid.desy.de/certs/
http://grid.desy.de/users/
http://grid.desy.de/install/DESY-VO.html
http://cic.in2p3.fr/
http://cern.ch/lcg/
http://www.eu-egee.org/These FORTRAN packages formed the basis for some Geant4 code, so they live on in spirit. EGCS is still quite useful, as it is still considered by many to be the most accurate EM physics package.