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Intro

Today, power is transmitted over copper in most High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. This is a classical and well understood solution; however, it has many limitations. First, copper is sensitive to electric and magnetic fields, which are present in future colliders and liquid noble Time Projection Chambers (TPCs). In colliders, this translates into Lorentz force exerted on the powering cables in a power pulsed system. Until now, the optical instrumentation in TPCs has been located at the anode plane or outside the TPC to prevent a HV ground return within the electric field. Accommodating light sensors reduces the charge-readout coverage and active volume. Power over Fiber (PoF) would enable optical instrumentation within the TPC, maximizing charge-readout coverage and active volume. Optical readout inside the TPC provides a local trigger; improving trigger efficiencies. Maximizing active volume is vital for any statistics-limited experiment.
 PoF completely solves the above-mentioned problems. In such a system, the power is carried by a laser source through optical fibers, which are insensitive to electric and magnetic fields. An optical power converter (receiver) is placed near the sensor (ASIC, SiPM, …). In addition, ground loops are eliminated, thus reducing the total system noise floor. Moreover, we have a material budget gain, as we replace thick copper cables with thin optical fibers. This is of particular interest for e+e- colliders.

The present project proposes to study the feasibility of PoF in extreme conditions, using commercial components. In the first phase, we will set up a lab space with the necessary engineering controls to lower the safety classification of the required class 4 laser to a class 1. Then the receiver will be characterized at cryogenic temperatures (down to 77 K). By adding a power storage capacitor and an LDO regulator, this setup can be used to power an ASIC with a power-pulsing scheme, or a low-power digital SiPM. We will collaborate with universities for the aforementioned. Finally, we will work with national and international collaborators, and will investigate the possibility of characterizing the photodiode with respect to different irradiation doses compatible with e+e- colliders (> 100 krad).

Specifications - Laser



Specifications - System


Presentations

PoF Shared Folder

Initial Proposals

20-FY242_KA25_PoF_Proposal.pptx

KA25 FY24_Synopsis_PoF.docx


Other talks about PoF

CPAD_2023_Ajib_Paudel (1).pdf

EIC_R_D_2023_Mandal.pdf


Meeting Minutes


Meeting Minutes: 

 We had our first laser safety meeting with Mike Woods and these slides were presented: 231130 first laser safety meeting.pptx

    • We should look at commercial products to see how they are doing interlocks
    • Important things that our system should have:
      • Key
      • Emission Indicator (red/green)
      • interlocking
      • (optional) Emergency OFF button
    • The box should have 2 redundant interlocks in series
    • If the box is made up to specs we will not need a separate laser area and will not need eye protection to operate
    • Box material can be 80/20 Aluminum
    • For the feedthrough we should think of having an elbow to avoid direct line of sight
    • We have to take into account the fiber bend radius
    • SOP is not enough, we will need a separate approval to operate
    • People working on the assembly of this will need:
      • 253
      • 131
      • T53
    • People only operating will need only a simpler laser safety basic course
      • ???
    • Mike gave us permission to buy the laser

Next Steps: 

    • Mike Woods asked for a component list
    • Norman Picker asked us to start a Hazard list with Mitigation (All the risks will be Extremely low)

Meeting Minutes: 

    • Alex presented a summary of bibliography. Presentation can be found in the shared folder here:PoF_Shared_Folder

    • Sander presented about laser safety. Presentation in shared folder

    • Laser safety takes approx. 4 months. We need to start asap

    • The cryo measurement has been done by DUNE, what is our target? 
    • DUNE group at FNAL has favored connection with Broadcom, for customized products for cryo.
    • MSU and CU reached out to James about the status of the project.
    • We can lend setups to partners. One Broadcom setup is around 2k

Next Steps: 

    • Sketch of lab space in 113 (James) 
    • Ask Ryan about Lab space in building 84 (Sander) 
    • Contact Mike Wooks for a meeting (Sander) 
    • Redefine Scientific goals (everybody) 
      • Verify if it can power 1 reticle (min) and 16 reticles (max) (Alex) 
    • Contact DUNE at FNAL (Sander) 
    • Can we/ Will we take a SULI Student? (Caterina) 
    • Draft of PCB board (Pietro) 

Meeting Minutes: 

    • Marty talked to Michael Woods (Laser Safet Officer at SLAC), and he seems understanding of our need. General recommendations: laser always connected to a receiver, laser in a box,...?
    • Mengqing at Nikhef has a set of lasers. A possible collaborator.
    • Sander has been to the laser safety event at Stanford.
    • We need to think about the system level for safety, and for practical reasons (where to dissipate power in a power-pulsed system). We either have to control the laser, or tune it to deliver the 'average' power that is stored on a capacitor, and regulated with an LDO
    • We need to start with a generic system, with LDO, and a set of variable loads (resistors) with a way to monitor the ouput voltage and current, to characterize the system before connectiong it to any real load (ASICS, SiPM).

To Do list:

    • Start ES&H Process on laser safety (Sander)
    • Literature study on solutions/competitions (Alex)
    • create a list of possible laser and diode providers (Alex and James)
    • Concept design of PoF board (Pietro)
    • Start setting up a lab space (James)
    • Reach out to collaborators, with a potential meeting before winter break (Sander and James)
    • Keep an eye for relevant talks at CPAD and NSS (everybody)


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