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PD = ?T measured . ?
(Actual distance)
D = ?t T . ?
PD = (?t T + ?t0T0). ?
PD = D + ?t0 T0 . c ? .................................(1)
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X = factor of c with which digital info travels in fiber optic cable.
?t T = actual propagation delay along the greater circle router/paths.
?t0 T0~ = the extra delay causing overestimation.
PD = pseudo distance
Graphically,
H: host
L1: Landmark 1
L2: landmark 2
L3: landmark 3
Using distance farmula:
D1= ?¯ (XL1 - XH )² + (YL1 - YH)² ............................................. (2)
FROM (1) & (2)
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