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It starts with a \begin{table} environment then the \caption takes care of putting in the table caption, the label sets a mark, so it can be referred to in the following text using \ref

The \begin{center}the centers the actual table environment \begin{tabular}.
The  {|l|r|c|}  tells LaTeX to make a table with three columns, aligned left right and centered and \hline draws a horizontal line

Individual columns are separated with \& and are ended with *\\\\*

the output is shown below:
Image Added

Figures

Figures work pretty much the same as tables

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{image.pdf}
\caption{\label{sid:chapter_sample_figure1} This is a sample figure for a document}
\end{figure}