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The running average algorithm requires 1666 samples for it to reach the value of the true background noise (0V), which is approximately 4,214.98ns of time. For a 120Hz bunch rate (8.3ms period), there is enough time for the running average algorithm to approximate correctly the correct background noise voltage. Nonetheless, for the case a 1MHz bunch rate, where the period is 1000ns, the simulation shows that the closest the running average will get to measuring the background noise will be by the end of the period, and by 135 ADC steps ( ~ 5mV ) as shown in the following figure.
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title | An estimate of the background error inaccuracy vs the number of samples/period is shown in |
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this table. Note that the Error |
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is multiples of the step of the ADC, and no intermediate value can be reached. As mentioned earlier, each step has an increment of 37. |
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03125μV in the Δ Background Noise. |
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After X samples | Time (ns) | Error in Background Noise (μV) |
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1666~ | 4214.98~ | 37.03125 | 1476~1665 | 3734.28~4212.45 | 74.0625 | 1369~1475 | 3463.57~3731.75 | 111.09375 | 1295~1368 | 3276.35~3461.04 | 148.125 | 1237~1294 | 3129.61~3273.82 | 185.15625 | 1190~1236 | 3010.7~3127.08 | 222.1875 | 1151~1189 | 2912.03~3008.17 | 259.21875 | 1117~1150 | 2826.01~2909.5 | 296.25 | 1086~1116 | 2747.58~2823.48 | 333.28125 | 1060~1085 | 2681.8~2745.05 | 370.3125 | 1035~1059 | 2618.55~2679.27 | 407.34375 | 1013~1034 | 2562.89~2616.02 | 444.375 | 993~1012 | 2512.29~2560.36 | 481.40625 | 974~992 | 2464.22~2509.76 | 518.4375 | 956~973 | 2418.68~2461.69 | 555.46875 | 940~955 | 2378.2~2416.15 | 592.5 | 924~939 | 2337.72~2375.67 | 629.53125 | 910~923 | 2302.3~2335.19 | 666.5625 | 896~909 | 2266.88~2299.77 | 703.59375 | 883~895 | 2233.99~2264.35 | 740.625 | 870~882 | 2201.1~2231.46 | 777.65625 | 858~869 | 2170.74~2198.57 | 814.6875 | 847~857 | 2142.91~2168.21 | 851.71875 | 836~846 | 2115.08~2140.38 | 888.75 | 826~835 | 2089.78~2112.55 | 925.78125 | 816~825 | 2064.48~2087.25 | 962.8125 | 806~815 | 2039.18~2061.95 | 999.84375 | 797~805 | 2016.41~2036.65 | 1036.875 | 788~796 | 1993.64~2013.88 | 1073.90625 | 779~787 | 1970.87~1991.11 | 1110.9375 | 771~778 | 1950.63~1968.34 | 1147.96875 | 763~770 | 1930.39~1948.1 | 1185 | 755~762 | 1910.15~1927.86 | 1222.03125 | 747~754 | 1889.91~1907.62 | 1259.0625 | 740~746 | 1872.2~1887.38 | 1296.09375 | 733~739 | 1854.49~1869.67 | 1333.125 | 726~732 | 1836.78~1851.96 | 1370.15625 | 719~725 | 1819.07~1834.25 | 1407.1875 | 712~718 | 1801.36~1816.54 | 1444.21875 | 706~711 | 1786.18~1798.83 | 1481.25 | 699~705 | 1768.47~1783.65 | 1518.28125 | 693~698 | 1753.29~1765.94 | 1555.3125 | 687~692 | 1738.11~1750.76 | 1592.34375 | 681~686 | 1722.93~1735.58 | 1629.375 | 676~680 | 1710.28~1720.4 | 1666.40625 | 670~675 | 1695.1~1707.75 | 1703.4375 | 664~669 | 1679.92~1692.57 | 1740.46875 | 659~663 | 1667.27~1677.39 | 1777.5 | 654~658 | 1654.62~1664.74 | 1814.53125 | 649~653 | 1641.97~1652.09 | 1851.5625 | 644~648 | 1629.32~1639.44 | 1888.59375 | 639~643 | 1616.67~1626.79 | 1925.625 | 634~638 | 1604.02~1614.14 | 1962.65625 | 629~633 | 1591.37~1601.49 | 1999.6875 | 624~628 | 1578.72~1588.84 | 2036.71875 | 620~623 | 1568.6~1576.19 | 2073.75 | 615~619 | 1555.95~1566.07 | 2110.78125 | 611~614 | 1545.83~1553.42 | 2147.8125 | 606~610 | 1533.18~1543.3 | 2184.84375 | 602~605 | 1523.06~1530.65 | 2221.875 | 598~601 | 1512.94~1520.53 | 2258.90625 | 594~597 | 1502.82~1510.41 | 2295.9375 | 590~593 | 1492.7~1500.29 | 2332.96875 | 586~589 | 1482.58~1490.17 | 2370 | 582~585 | 1472.46~1480.05 | 2407.03125 | 578~581 | 1462.34~1469.93 | 2444.0625 | 574~577 | 1452.22~1459.81 | 2481.09375 | 570~573 | 1442.1~1449.69 | 2518.125 | 566~569 | 1431.98~1439.57 | 2555.15625 | 563~565 | 1424.39~1429.45 | 2592.1875 | 559~562 | 1414.27~1421.86 | 2629.21875 | 556~558 | 1406.68~1411.74 | 2666.25 | 552~555 | 1396.56~1404.15 | 2703.28125 | 549~551 | 1388.97~1394.03 | 2740.3125 | 545~548 | 1378.85~1386.44 | 2777.34375 | 542~544 | 1371.26~1376.32 | 2814.375 | 538~541 | 1361.14~1368.73 | 2851.40625 | 535~537 | 1353.55~1358.61 | 2888.4375 | 532~534 | 1345.96~1351.02 | 2925.46875 | 529~531 | 1338.37~1343.43 | 2962.5 | 526~528 | 1330.78~1335.84 | 2999.53125 | 522~525 | 1320.66~1328.25 | 3036.5625 | 519~521 | 1313.07~1318.13 | 3073.59375 | 516~518 | 1305.48~1310.54 | 3110.625 | 513~515 | 1297.89~1302.95 | 3147.65625 | 510~512 | 1290.3~1295.36 | 3184.6875 | 507~509 | 1282.71~1287.77 | 3221.71875 | 504~506 | 1275.12~1280.18 | 3258.75 | 501~503 | 1267.53~1272.59 | 3295.78125 | 499~500 | 1262.47~1265.0 | 3332.8125 | 496~498 | 1254.88~1259.94 | 3369.84375 | 493~495 | 1247.29~1252.35 | 3406.875 | 490~492 | 1239.7~1244.76 | 3443.90625 | 487~489 | 1232.11~1237.17 | 3480.9375 | 485~486 | 1227.05~1229.58 | 3517.96875 | 482~484 | 1219.46~1224.52 | 3555 | 479~481 | 1211.87~1216.93 | 3592.03125 | 477~478 | 1206.81~1209.34 | 3629.0625 | 474~476 | 1199.22~1204.28 | 3666.09375 | 472~473 | 1194.16~1196.69 | 3703.125 | 469~471 | 1186.57~1191.63 | 3740.15625 | 467~468 | 1181.51~1184.04 | 3777.1875 | 464~466 | 1173.92~1178.98 | 3814.21875 | 462~463 | 1168.86~1171.39 | 3851.25 | 459~461 | 1161.27~1166.33 | 3888.28125 | 457~458 | 1156.21~1158.74 | 3925.3125 | 454~456 | 1148.62~1153.68 | 3962.34375 | 452~453 | 1143.56~1146.09 | 3999.375 | 450~451 | 1138.5~1141.03 | 4036.40625 | 447~449 | 1130.91~1135.97 | 4073.4375 | 445~446 | 1125.85~1128.38 | 4110.46875 | 443~444 | 1120.79~1123.32 | 4147.5 | 440~442 | 1113.2~1118.26 | 4184.53125 | 438~439 | 1108.14~1110.67 | 4221.5625 | 436~437 | 1103.08~1105.61 | 4258.59375 | 434~435 | 1098.02~1100.55 | 4295.625 | 432~433 | 1092.96~1095.49 | 4332.65625 | 429~431 | 1085.37~1090.43 | 4369.6875 | 427~428 | 1080.31~1082.84 | 4406.71875 | 425~426 | 1075.25~1077.78 | 4443.75 | 423~424 | 1070.19~1072.72 | 4480.78125 | 421~422 | 1065.13~1067.66 | 4517.8125 | 419~420 | 1060.07~1062.6 | 4554.84375 | 417~418 | 1055.01~1057.54 | 4591.875 | 415~416 | 1049.95~1052.48 | 4628.90625 | 413~414 | 1044.89~1047.42 | 4665.9375 | 411~412 | 1039.83~1042.36 | 4702.96875 | 409~410 | 1034.77~1037.3 | 4740 | 407~408 | 1029.71~1032.24 | 4777.03125 | 405~406 | 1024.65~1027.18 | 4814.0625 | 403~404 | 1019.59~1022.12 | 4851.09375 | 401~402 | 1014.53~1017.06 | 4888.125 | 399~400 | 1009.47~1012.0 | 4925.15625 | 397~398 | 1004.41~1006.94 | 4962.1875 | 395~396 | 999.35~1001.88 | 4999.21875 | 393~394 | 994.29~996.82 | 5036.25 | 391~392 | 989.23~991.76 | 5073.28125 | 389~390 | 984.17~986.7 | 5110.3125 | 388 | 981.64 | 5147.34375 | 386~387 | 976.58~979.11 | 5184.375 | 384~385 | 971.52~974.05 | 5221.40625 | 382~383 | 966.46~968.99 | 5258.4375 | 380~381 | 961.4~963.93 | 5295.46875 | 378~379 | 956.34~958.87 | 5332.5 | 377 | 953.81 | 5369.53125 | 375~376 | 948.75~951.28 | 5406.5625 | 373~374 | 943.69~946.22 | 5443.59375 | 372 | 941.16 | 5480.625 | 370~371 | 936.1~938.63 | 5517.65625 | 368~369 | 931.04~933.57 | 5554.6875 | 366~367 | 925.98~928.51 | 5591.71875 | 365 | 923.45 | 5628.75 | 363~364 | 918.39~920.92 | 5665.78125 | 361~362 | 913.33~915.86 | 5702.8125 | 360 | 910.8 | 5739.84375 | 358~359 | 905.74~908.27 | 5776.875 | 356~357 | 900.68~903.21 | 5813.90625 | 355 | 898.15 | 5850.9375 | 353~354 | 893.09~895.62 | 5887.96875 | 352 | 890.56 | 5925 | 350~351 | 885.5~888.03 | 5962.03125 | 348~349 | 880.44~882.97 | 5999.0625 | 347 | 877.91 | 6036.09375 | 345~346 | 872.85~875.38 | 6073.125 | 344 | 870.32 | 6110.15625 | 342~343 | 865.26~867.79 | 6147.1875 | 341 | 862.73 | 6184.21875 | 339~340 | 857.67~860.2 | 6221.25 | 338 | 855.14 | 6258.28125 | 336~337 | 850.08~852.61 | 6295.3125 | 335 | 847.55 | 6332.34375 | 333~334 | 842.49~845.02 | 6369.375 | 332 | 839.96 | 6406.40625 | 330~331 | 834.9~837.43 | 6443.4375 | 329 | 832.37 | 6480.46875 | 327~328 | 827.31~829.84 | 6517.5 | 326 | 824.78 | 6554.53125 | 324~325 | 819.72~822.25 | 6591.5625 | 323 | 817.19 | 6628.59375 | 322 | 814.66 | 6665.625 | 320~321 | 809.6~812.13 | 6702.65625 | 319 | 807.07 | 6739.6875 | 317~318 | 802.01~804.54 | 6776.71875 | 316 | 799.48 | 6813.75 | 315 | 796.95 | 6850.78125 | 313~314 | 791.89~794.42 | 6887.8125 | 312 | 789.36 | 6924.84375 | 310~311 | 784.3~786.83 | 6961.875 | 309 | 781.77 | 6998.90625 | 308 | 779.24 | 7035.9375 | 306~307 | 774.18~776.71 | 7072.96875 | 305 | 771.65 | 7110 | 304 | 769.12 | 7147.03125 | 302~303 | 764.06~766.59 | 7184.0625 | 301 | 761.53 | 7221.09375 | 300 | 759 | 7258.125 | 298~299 | 753.94~756.47 | 7295.15625 | 297 | 751.41 | 7332.1875 | 296 | 748.88 | 7369.21875 | 295 | 746.35 | 7406.25 | 293~294 | 741.29~743.82 | 7443.28125 | 292 | 738.76 | 7480.3125 | 291 | 736.23 | 7517.34375 | 290 | 733.7 | 7554.375 | 288~289 | 728.64~731.17 | 7591.40625 | 287 | 726.11 | 7628.4375 | 286 | 723.58 | 7665.46875 | 285 | 721.05 | 7702.5 | 283~284 | 715.99~718.52 | 7739.53125 | 282 | 713.46 | 7776.5625 | 281 | 710.93 | 7813.59375 | 280 | 708.4 | 7850.625 | 278~279 | 703.34~705.87 | 7887.65625 | 277 | 700.81 | 7924.6875 | 276 | 698.28 | 7961.71875 | 275 | 695.75 | 7998.75 | 274 | 693.22 | 8035.78125 | 273 | 690.69 | 8072.8125 | 271~272 | 685.63~688.16 | 8109.84375 | 270 | 683.1 | 8146.875 | 269 | 680.57 | 8183.90625 | 268 | 678.04 | 8220.9375 | 267 | 675.51 | 8257.96875 | 266 | 672.98 | 8295 | 264~265 | 667.92~670.45 | 8332.03125 | 263 | 665.39 | 8369.0625 | 262 | 662.86 | 8406.09375 | 261 | 660.33 | 8443.125 | 260 | 657.8 | 8480.15625 | 259 | 655.27 | 8517.1875 | 258 | 652.74 | 8554.21875 | 257 | 650.21 | 8591.25 | 256 | 647.68 | 8628.28125 | 254~255 | 642.62~645.15 | 8665.3125 | 253 | 640.09 | 8702.34375 | 252 | 637.56 | 8739.375 | 251 | 635.03 | 8776.40625 | 250 | 632.5 | 8813.4375 | 249 | 629.97 | 8850.46875 | 248 | 627.44 | 8887.5 | 247 | 624.91 | 8924.53125 | 246 | 622.38 | 8961.5625 | 245 | 619.85 | 8998.59375 | 244 | 617.32 | 9035.625 | 243 | 614.79 | 9072.65625 | 242 | 612.26 | 9109.6875 | 241 | 609.73 | 9146.71875 | 240 | 607.2 | 9183.75 | 239 | 604.67 | 9220.78125 | 238 | 602.14 | 9257.8125 | 237 | 599.61 | 9294.84375 | 236 | 597.08 | 9331.875 | 235 | 594.55 | 9368.90625 | 234 | 592.02 | 9405.9375 | 233 | 589.49 | 9442.96875 | 232 | 586.96 | 9480 | 231 | 584.43 | 9517.03125 | 230 | 581.9 | 9554.0625 | 229 | 579.37 | 9591.09375 | 228 | 576.84 | 9628.125 | 227 | 574.31 | 9665.15625 | 226 | 571.78 | 9702.1875 | 225 | 569.25 | 9739.21875 | 224 | 566.72 | 9776.25 | 223 | 564.19 | 9813.28125 | 222 | 561.66 | 9850.3125 | 221 | 559.13 | 9887.34375 | 220 | 556.6 | 9924.375 | 219 | 554.07 | 9961.40625 | 218 | 551.54 | 9998.4375 | 217 | 549.01 | 10035.46875 | 216 | 546.48 | 10072.5 | 215 | 543.95 | 10109.53125 | 214 | 541.42 | 10146.5625 | 213 | 538.89 | 10183.59375 | 212 | 536.36 | 10220.625 | 211 | 533.83 | 10257.65625 | 210 | 531.3 | 10331.71875 | 209 | 528.77 | 10368.75 | 208 | 526.24 | 10405.78125 | 207 | 523.71 | 10442.8125 | 206 | 521.18 | 10479.84375 | 205 | 518.65 | 10516.875 | 204 | 516.12 | 10553.90625 | 203 | 513.59 | 10590.9375 | 202 | 511.06 | 10627.96875 | 201 | 508.53 | 10665 | 200 | 506 | 10739.0625 | 199 | 503.47 | 10776.09375 | 198 | 500.94 | 10813.125 | 197 | 498.41 | 10850.15625 | 196 | 495.88 | 10887.1875 | 195 | 493.35 | 10924.21875 | 194 | 490.82 | 10961.25 | 193 | 488.29 | 11035.3125 | 192 | 485.76 | 11072.34375 | 191 | 483.23 | 11109.375 | 190 | 480.7 | 11146.40625 | 189 | 478.17 | 11183.4375 | 188 | 475.64 | 11257.5 | 187 | 473.11 | 11294.53125 | 186 | 470.58 | 11331.5625 | 185 | 468.05 | 11368.59375 | 184 | 465.52 | 11405.625 | 183 | 462.99 | 11442.65625 | 182 | 460.46 | 11516.71875 | 181 | 457.93 | 11553.75 | 180 | 455.4 | 11590.78125 | 179 | 452.87 | 11627.8125 | 178 | 450.34 | 11701.875 | 177 | 447.81 | 11738.90625 | 176 | 445.28 | 11775.9375 | 175 | 442.75 | 11812.96875 | 174 | 440.22 | 11887.03125 | 173 | 437.69 | 11924.0625 | 172 | 435.16 | 11961.09375 | 171 | 432.63 | 11998.125 | 170 | 430.1 | 12072.1875 | 169 | 427.57 | 12109.21875 | 168 | 425.04 | 12146.25 | 167 | 422.51 | 12183.28125 | 166 | 419.98 | 12257.34375 | 165 | 417.45 | 12294.375 | 164 | 414.92 | 12331.40625 | 163 | 412.39 | 12405.46875 | 162 | 409.86 | 12442.5 | 161 | 407.33 | 12479.53125 | 160 | 404.8 | 12553.59375 | 159 | 402.27 | 12590.625 | 158 | 399.74 | 12627.65625 | 157 | 397.21 | 12701.71875 | 156 | 394.68 | 12738.75 | 155 | 392.15 | 12775.78125 | 154 | 389.62 | 12849.84375 | 153 | 387.09 | 12886.875 | 152 | 384.56 | 12923.90625 | 151 | 382.03 | 12997.96875 | 150 | 379.5 | 13035 | 149 | 376.97 | 13072.03125 | 148 | 374.44 | 13146.09375 | 147 | 371.91 | 13183.125 | 146 | 369.38 | 13257.1875 | 145 | 366.85 | 13294.21875 | 144 | 364.32 | 13331.25 | 143 | 361.79 | 13405.3125 | 142 | 359.26 | 13442.34375 | 141 | 356.73 | 13516.40625 | 140 | 354.2 | 13553.4375 | 139 | 351.67 | 13627.5 | 138 | 349.14 | 13664.53125 | 137 | 346.61 | 13701.5625 | 136 | 344.08 | 13775.625 | 135 | 341.55 | 13812.65625 | 134 | 339.02 | 13886.71875 | 133 | 336.49 | 13923.75 | 132 | 333.96 | 13997.8125 | 131 | 331.43 | 14034.84375 | 130 | 328.9 | 14108.90625 | 129 | 326.37 | 14145.9375 | 128 | 323.84 | 14220 | 127 | 321.31 | 14257.03125 | 126 | 318.78 | 14331.09375 | 125 | 316.25 | 14368.125 | 124 | 313.72 | 14442.1875 | 123 | 311.19 | 14479.21875 | 122 | 308.66 | 14553.28125 | 121 | 306.13 | 14590.3125 | 120 | 303.6 | 14664.375 | 119 | 301.07 | 14701.40625 | 118 | 298.54 | 14775.46875 | 117 | 296.01 | 14849.53125 | 116 | 293.48 | 14886.5625 | 115 | 290.95 | 14960.625 | 114 | 288.42 | 14997.65625 | 113 | 285.89 | 15071.71875 | 112 | 283.36 | 15108.75 | 111 | 280.83 | 15182.8125 | 110 | 278.3 | 15256.875 | 109 | 275.77 | 15293.90625 | 108 | 273.24 | 15367.96875 | 107 | 270.71 | 15442.03125 | 106 | 268.18 | 15479.0625 | 105 | 265.65 | 15553.125 | 104 | 263.12 | 15590.15625 | 103 | 260.59 | 15664.21875 | 102 | 258.06 | 15738.28125 | 101 | 255.53 | 15775.3125 | 100 | 253 | 15849.375 | 99 | 250.47 | 15923.4375 | 98 | 247.94 | 15960.46875 | 97 | 245.41 | 16034.53125 | 96 | 242.88 | 16108.59375 | 95 | 240.35 | 16182.65625 | 94 | 237.82 | 16219.6875 | 93 | 235.29 | 16293.75 | 92 | 232.76 | 16367.8125 | 91 | 230.23 | 16404.84375 | 90 | 227.7 | 16478.90625 | 89 | 225.17 | 16552.96875 | 88 | 222.64 | 16627.03125 | 87 | 220.11 | 16664.0625 | 86 | 217.58 | 16738.125 | 85 | 215.05 | 16812.1875 | 84 | 212.52 | 16886.25 | 83 | 209.99 | 16960.3125 | 82 | 207.46 | 16997.34375 | 81 | 204.93 | 17071.40625 | 80 | 202.4 | 17145.46875 | 79 | 199.87 | 17219.53125 | 78 | 197.34 | 17293.59375 | 77 | 194.81 | 17330.625 | 76 | 192.28 | 17404.6875 | 75 | 189.75 | 17478.75 | 74 | 187.22 | 17552.8125 | 73 | 184.69 | 17626.875 | 72 | 182.16 | 17700.9375 | 71 | 179.63 | 17737.96875 | 70 | 177.1 | 17812.03125 | 69 | 174.57 | 17886.09375 | 68 | 172.04 | 17960.15625 | 67 | 169.51 | 18034.21875 | 66 | 166.98 | 18108.28125 | 65 | 164.45 | 18182.34375 | 64 | 161.92 | 18256.40625 | 63 | 159.39 | 18330.46875 | 62 | 156.86 | 18404.53125 | 61 | 154.33 | 18478.59375 | 60 | 151.8 | 18552.65625 | 59 | 149.27 | 18626.71875 | 58 | 146.74 | 18663.75 | 57 | 144.21 | 18737.8125 | 56 | 141.68 | 18811.875 | 55 | 139.15 | 18885.9375 | 54 | 136.62 | 18960 | 53 | 134.09 | 19034.0625 | 52 | 131.56 | 19108.125 | 51 | 129.03 | 19182.1875 | 50 | 126.5 | 19293.28125 | 49 | 123.97 | 19367.34375 | 48 | 121.44 | 19441.40625 | 47 | 118.91 | 19515.46875 | 46 | 116.38 | 19589.53125 | 45 | 113.85 | 19663.59375 | 44 | 111.32 | 19737.65625 | 43 | 108.79 | 19811.71875 | 42 | 106.26 | 19885.78125 | 41 | 103.73 | 19959.84375 | 40 | 101.2 | 20033.90625 | 39 | 98.67 | 20107.96875 | 38 | 96.14 | 20219.0625 | 37 | 93.61 | 20293.125 | 36 | 91.08 | 20367.1875 | 35 | 88.55 | 20441.25 | 34 | 86.02 | 20515.3125 | 33 | 83.49 | 20589.375 | 32 | 80.96 | 20663.4375 | 31 | 78.43 | 20774.53125 | 30 | 75.9 | 20848.59375 | 29 | 73.37 | 20922.65625 | 28 | 70.84 | 20996.71875 | 27 | 68.31 | 21070.78125 | 26 | 65.78 | 21181.875 | 25 | 63.25 | 21255.9375 | 24 | 60.72 | 21330 | 23 | 58.19 | 21404.0625 | 22 | 55.66 | 21515.15625 | 21 | 53.13 | 21589.21875 | 20 | 50.6 | 21663.28125 | 19 | 48.07 | 21774.375 | 18 | 45.54 | 21848.4375 |
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Worst case simulation using real data
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