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SVN Basics
This page includes explanations of terms and commands for Subversion or SVN.
Terminology
URL - a resource locator used for some SVN commands; in the case of Subversion these look like 'svn://repo/path/to/something'
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revert - clobber your local changes in the working copy and replace with the current copy in the remote repository
Global config for ignoring files
Typically in most coding projects, there are local files which will be created by an IDE or other tool which should always be ignored by SVN.
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These will apply to all subversion directories and files so make sure that the files you include here really would never be checked into version control.
Commands
All commands below assume that you are in a command shell like bash on Linux and that the current working directory is a local working copy of a structure node that has been checkout out of the repository.
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Note that some (most) arguments to these commands like path/to/file are completely bogus and should be replaced by valid files in your working copy or the remote repository (depending on the command).
Checkout a structure node
svn co svn://repo/some/dir
Show information about the repository
This command will print out general repository information like your current revision # and the repository root.
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Check the SVN docs for a full list of all these abbreviations.
Show node contents
svn ls some/relative/path/
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svn ls svn://repo/some/path/
Synchronize your copy with the remote repository
svn up
Add files to the repository
This command can be used to add files:
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The deletion will occur when you commit.
Deleting Files
To delete files use this command:
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You also need to perform a commit to delete the files in the repository and not just the local copy.
Commit changes
This command is used to commit your local changes to the repository:
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The list of files or directories to commit is optional, but it is usually a good idea to include it.
Copy file or directory from one place to another
svn cp src/dir/or/file target/dir/or/file
Create a directory in the repository
svn mkdir path/to/dir
Perform a merge
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Merging is an advanced operation. Always use '--dry-run' to check the results of the command before actually executing it. And always merge equivalent structure nodes when merging a branch back into the trunk, or you will screw up the trunk. |
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svn cp m "making a branch" ^/projects/foo/trunk ^/projects/foo/branches/foo-dev
Make a tag
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Making tags is an advanced operation. Most general users do not need to make tags, and for Maven projects this is done automatically during the release procedures. Never change a tag once it is made. Should changes be required, the preferred method is making them in the trunk and then making a new tag. |
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svn cp -m "making a tag" ^/projects/foo/trunk ^/projects/foo/tags/foo-1.2.3
Reverting changes
svn revert path/to/broken/local/file
Setting properties
| Warning | ||
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This command should usually be done by the repository administrator. To have Subversion ignore files in your local copy, see the section above entitle "Global config for ignoring files". |
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svn propset svn:ignore "*.log" .
Tips and Warnings
Do not EVER checkout an SVN project into another Subversion structure node. This has the potential to create some serious issues when executing Subversion commands, and it will also confuse you.
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