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PingER monitors two hosts in Burundi. They are a government host www.assemblee.bi and the University of Burundi (www.ub.edu.bi). Neither appears to have marked changes around March-April. Also there is little information on interventions etc. in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi. According to https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19 "Measures taken to minimize the risk of the pandemic breaking out in Burundi have been very limited: The population has been instructed to follow some basic rules of limited social distancing and frequent handwashing. Hand sanitizers and water for handwashing have been installed in public places."
Eritrea
UnfortunatelyPingER monitors one host in Eritrea, it is www.eritel.com.er. A telecom and Internet provider. Unfortunately, there was no monitoring at what was probably the critical period.
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There appears to be a sustained increase in IPDV in Ethiopia around Mar 16 when schools were closed and public gatherings were suspended. Looking in more detail at the 3 hosts monitored in Ethiopia there are 2 government hosts (www.amharainfo.gov.et and www.most.gov.et) and a university. Below we see that all hosts had . For www.most.gov.et PingER data is missing for this time period. Below we see www.amharainfo.gov.et and www.stmaryuniversitycollege.edu.et had a sudden rise in IPDV between Mar 12 and Mar 15. See below and the Excel spreadsheet.
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia#March_2020 the first Covid-9 case in Ethiopia was on Mar 13. "On 16 March 2020, the office of the Prime Minister announced that schools, sporting events, and public gatherings shall be suspended for 15 days. On 8 April 2020, the Council of Ministers declared a five-month long state of emergency in response to the growing number of coronavirus cases. The state of emergency was approved on 10 April by the parliament".
Kenya
There are 3 hosts being monitored by PingER in Kenya. Two are government hosts both in the capital Nairobi, and one (www.daystar.ac.ke) is the Daystar University in Kampala. Looking at the chart of IPDV below it appears that IPDV dropped by several 10s of a percent sometime between Mar 21 and Mar 28.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya we see: On 15 March 2020, President Uhuru Kenyatta directed that the following measures to curb COVID-19 be implemented:
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On Mar 25 a nationwide curfew was announced to start on Mar 27. The curfew was extended by 21 days on Apr 25.
Looking at the charts below it is seen that there is a noticeable reduction in the two-week average IPDV that coincides with the interventions noted.
Kenya details by host
Looking at the averages, standard deviations, (standard deviation/averages) plus the derivatives of the averages, standard and (standard deviation/Average) for 30 days before and after each date, we get the chart charts below. It is seen that within about a week of the interventions the derivatives, in particular, took a sharp rise for all 3 hosts.
Madagascar
According to https://www.mining.com/sumitomo-halts-mines-in-bolivia-madagascar/ there was a curfew starting Thurs Mar 20 and 2 cities went into strict lockdown on the same date. Both PingER monitiors 2 hosts in Madagascar. There are www.cnaps.mg a private national insurance fund, and www.mefb.gov.mg the Ministry of the Economy and finances. Both hosts monitored in Madagascar are in the capital city of Antananarivo which has a population of 1.6 million or about 6.1% of the population of Madagascar. Within the two According to https://www.mining.com/sumitomo-halts-mines-in-bolivia-madagascar/ there was a curfew starting Thurs Mar 20 and 2 cities went into strict lockdown on the same date. Within the two weeks before and after Mar 20 there does appear to be a very slight reduction in the variability of the PingER IPDV measurements.
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There is a sustained increase for a few days in IPDV seen by the University of Malawi on Mar 23, however, a similar rise was seen the week before. Similar rises were also seen by www.parliamen.gov.mw. There is a reduction in the overall magnitude and also the variability of IPDV for all hosts for 2 weeks after Apr 19 following the proposed lockdown. However, we can find no change in interventions around this time.
Looking at the 14 day rolling average and standard deviations of the IPDV measurements for www.parliament.gov.mw chart below, we see a roughly factor of 2 drop in the average and standard deviations around the proposed April 18 lockdown.
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According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius, on Mar 18 the government announced that all schools and Universities were shutdown. On Mar 19 quarantine regulations were published and on Mar 19 a sanitary shutdown was ordered starting Mar 20, then, on Mar 22 a curfew order was ordered effective Mar 23. There Following the University shutdown there appears to be an increase a drop in the weeks before and after these interventions. The rise following Mar 23 is sustained for more than a week and then drops to a level roughly 30% higher than prior to Mar 6.IPDV. Then following the curfew there appears to a persistent increase for about a week and a half. Whether or how these changes in the IPDV may be related to the interventions measured is unclear.
Mozambique
PingER monitors four hosts in Mozambique. They are www.bancomoc.mz the Bank of Mozambique, www.rm.co.mz Radio Mozambique, www.issm.gov.mz the Insurance Supervisory Institute of Mozambique (ISSM), and www.uem.mz the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. All are in Maputo the capital.
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According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda the main intervention that would impact Internet traffic would appear to be on 21 March, officials announced a two-week lockdown. Both public and private employees are to work from home, under strict measures. There is a small dip in IPDV around this time, however, it is not evident that this is due to the lockdown. Also, there is a larger dip two weeks latelater. Also on 9 April, three new cases of coronavirus were identified, out of 720 samples examined in the previous 24 hours. This brought the total number of confirmed cases to 113 people (of which seven had recovered)recovered)
Looking at the 14 day rolling average and standard deviations for www.rwandaparliament.gov.rw we see the chart below:
Sudan
PingER monitors five hosts in Sudan. They are: www.abs.sd the Agricultural Bank of Sudan in the capital Khartoum, www.bashaer.sd Bashaer for Energy Services in Khartoum, www.cert.sd Sudan CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) in Khartoum, www.iua.edu.sd the International University of Africa in Khartoum, and www.sustech.edu the Sudan University of Science and Technology in Khartoum.
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan, the first case was Mar 12. There is no indication of any interventions. According to https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-covid-19-situation-update-15-may-2020 a three-weeks long lockdown imposed in Khartoum since mid-April was on 9 May extended for nearly two weeks as part of containment measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus. www.iua.edu.sd stopped responding on Apr 1.
www.cert.sd experience experienced a dramatic sustained increase in IPDV in the week following the first case.
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The first case reported was on Mar 16. On 17 March, Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa announced a range of measures, including closing schools. This corresponds strongly with the drop to near zero for www.suza.ax.tz starting on Mar 18. The first death was recorded Mar 31st , in Dar es Salam. On 21st May, the President announced that colleges will reopen and form six secondary school students will return to school from 1st June, sports will resume from 1st June.
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The large spikes in IPDV for www.costech.or.tz between Feb 18 and Feb 26 are not understood. They are also seen if one looks at the hourly minimum RTT, average RTT, maximum RTT and losses.
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On 18 March, public gatherings including places of worship, pubs, weddings, music shows, rallies and cultural meetings were suspended". Mar 22 1st case confirmed. On 25 March, public transport was suspended for 14 days. Only private cars with not more than three occupants are allowed on the road. On 25 March, public transport was suspended for 14 days. Only private cars with not more than three occupants are allowed on the road. On 26 March, police and other security personnel were heavily deployed in all city suburbs, slums and along the streets to enforce the president's directives. A few people who breached the government's restrictions were arrested. On 30 March, the President declared a nationwide curfew from 7 pm to 6:30 am, which would run for 14 days to prevent the spread of the disease.
These interventions appear to correlate strongly with the rise in IPDV at the Victoria University and to a lesser extent for mail2.starcom.ug.
Zambia
PingER monitors five hosts in Zambia: www.deczambia.gov.zm the Drug Enforcement Commission in the capital Lusaka, www.cooperativecollege.ac.zm the Zambia Cooperative College in Lusaka, www.talk90point5.co.zm the Millenium Radio in Lusaka, www.parliament.gov.zm the NationalAssembly of Zambia in Lusaka, and cobra.unza.zm the University of Zambia in Lusaka.
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia, the first 2 cases were on Mar 18, the first death was Apr 2. On March 17, 2020, the Zambian government announced that all schools, colleges and universities will be closed on Friday 20 March in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. As seen below there does appear to be an impact (reduction in IPDV by about a factor of two for about a month) on the PingER IPDV for www.cooperativecollege.com.za and www.talk90points5.co.zm
Taking rolling 14-day averages of the IPDV we get the charts below. There is a strong correlation for the Cooperative College Univesity as it closed on Mar 20. The correlation is less strong and starts the week before for the Millenium Radio www.talk90points.co.zm:
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The chart below shows that towards the end of March the IPDV of both hosts drops and smoothes out. This appears to correlate with the interventions mentioned above. To be more specific, following the spike on Monday Mar 30 the 2-week average for (excluding the spike) drops to between 1.06 and 1.3 (including the spike the average is about 1.5-1.6) for www.paynet.ac.zw.
