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Windows

• Laser Windows
  • There are specific windows that allow particular wavelengths of light pass while helping hold vacuum
  • Fairly robust, don't scratch coating

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• Kapton Windows
  • Kapton has a lot of cool properties
    • High melting point
    • Low volatility
      • Good for no outgassing in vacuum
    • Transparent to X-rays
      • The thinner the better
    • Prone to rupture (see below)
      • The one below

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Stages

• Movement of sample
  • Goniometer (theta)
  • Tip
  • Tilt
  • X, Y, and Z
  • Sometimes a small goniometer on top

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• Movement of diagnostic paddle
  • X Y and Z

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Diagnostic Paddle

• Allows scientists to align the x-rays and lasers onto sample
  • Frosted YAG (Yttrium aluminium garnet)
    • Fluoresces when x-rays hit it 
  • Need to check with Takahiro
  • Horizontal slit?
  • Vertical slit? Silicone Nitrate?

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Temperature Control

• Cryostats
  • Flow Cryostat
    • Uses lots of He
    • "No" vibrations
  • Closed loop cryostat
    • Uses a fixed amount of He
    • prone to lots a vibrations
• Resistance Temperature Detector (RTDs)
  
  • 4 cable diodes
• Heaters

• Proportional Integral Derivative Feedback Loops
• Thermal connections and isolations
  • Copper braids and Peek stands

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Vacuum

• Roughing Pump
• Turbos
• Pirani and Cold Cathodes