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It is seen that the links between Karachi and Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad, and Karachi and Peshawar are very direct (values of alpha close to one) and are also very consistent (low values of the standard deviations).  Islamabad and Quetta apparently are connected very indirectly (low value of alpha). Looking at the map at the top this makes sense since the route goes via Karachi in the South and then back northwards to Quetta. The links between Islamabad and Lahore, Islamabad and Peshawar and Lahore and Peshawar all have lower vales of alpha and thus appear to be more indirect and have higher variability. A common element in the links between these three regions is that they all pass through Islamabad (see PERN backbone map at top). 

Conclusions

  • An extensive end-to-end network monitoring infrastructure has been set up for PERN connected universities in Pakistan. Over the last year its has grown from 30 monitoring-remote node pairs to over 500 covering most of the major universities in the main regions of Pakistan. 
  • There is a great deal of variability in the reliability (unreachability) of hosts. Much of this is due to loss of power. An effort needs to be made to understand and improve power reliability and the provision of backup for several sites.
  • Given the measured MOS, VoIP tools such as Skype should work well between PERN connected hosts.
  • The low values of alpha lead to the conclusion that there may be a lot of indirect routing in the Islamabad region. Further work with PERN is required to see if this can be remedied.
  • The poor throughput performance to Quetta is understandable. More work need to be done to understand wh why Karachi looks so bad. 

Acknowledge

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