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There is a simple introduction to IPv6 from Juniper. Basically it increases the address space from 32bits(IPv4) to 128bits (IPv6). We are running out of IPv4 addresses especially in Asia. For sometime now, at SLAC we have only been buying network equipment that is IPv6 compliant. However there is a big step from the network being able to carry IPv6 to actually using it. For example at the network layer one needs IP Address Management (IPAM) tools that support IPv6 so one can track/manage assigning IPv6 addresses and support DHCPv6, DNSv6 etc.
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