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PingER has three three sites in Afghanistan that are monititored and they were quite hard to get. For example the Kabul University host is a firewall that does not have stable power and so is usually turned off at night. Also these sites have minimum RTTs greater than 700 ms which indicates that they are all on satellite. The Kabul host is connected via the Silk Roadsatellite that passes through DESY, Germany. The other two are connected via Telia a European ISP. On March 10, 2003, Afghanistan went live on the Web which was previous banned under the Taliban rule. The Internet infrastructure in Afghanistan is immature and the pricing for internet is quite high.
See "AFRENA (Afghanistan Research and Educational Network Orgnaizations". by Mohammad Tariq Meeran.
Bangladesh
SEMEW4 has greatly affected the internet connectivity of Bangladesh Before this Bangladesh relied on VSAT for Internet connectivity.
Most of the sites now have moved to fiber but some of them are still on satellite. We used our HostSearcher tool which searches for sites on Google. Out of 20 sites that we located in Bangladesh 3 had min RTT > 500 ms indicating that they are on satellite. Bangladesh has now got 2 STM-1 links with MCI and Singtel.
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As for fiber, Bhutan Telecom is also in the same state as Nepal Telecom - they can only connect to BSNL on the indian side and cannot utilize the fiber that was laid by the Indian electric utility deep inside Bhtuan.
Also see:"Kingdom of Bhutan", by Sonam Penjor Royal University of Bhutan
India
In the Fall of 2006 there were demonstrations of advanced networking at 622Mbps at CHEP06 in Mumbai, organized by the C-DAC, TIFR, and on the US side by IEEAF, ICFA/SCIC members, UWash/PNWGP, the WIDE Project at Keio University in Japan and others. This was followed by a workshop organized by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), ERNET, C-DAC, TIFR, and the National Knowledge Commission. Following this and advice provided by ICFA/SCIC members, Internet2, the IEEAF, the Knowledge Commission of India issued a recommendation to create a Knowledge Network.
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