...
We have PingER monitoring stations in India and Pakistan. Reverse traceroute servers are deployed at PingER monitoring stations which helps us understand how India and Pakistan are connected with different countries of South Asia. India's VSNL provides Internet Service to Nepal and Bhutan, but the strange thing that we noted is that the traffic from India first goes to United Kingdom and then returns to India (passes through two hopes hops in India Mumbai and Dehli) and the then goes to Nepal. And in the case of Bhutan it first goes from India to Hong Kong, then returns to India and then eventually goes to Bhutan.
Afghanistan Afghanistan is served by a satellite provider from DESY, Hamburg, Germany (part of the Silk Road project), so the traffic goes to Germany and satellite it reaches via satellite and then is beamed back to Afghanistan via satellite.
Between sites in Pakistan or between sites in India traffic goes relatively directy without leaving the country.
Traffic to Bangladesh goes through United Kingdom from India and US and United Kingdom in case of Pakistanfrom Pakistan: to India goes via the US or Canada; to Bangladesk goes via the US and the UK. Although Bangladesh now has access to SEMEW4 some of the sites in Bangladesh are still on satellite and the satellite service is provided by a number of European Countries.
Most of the traffic Traffic from India and : to Pakistan goes via Europe; to Bangladesh g0es via the UK.
Due to all the indirect routing and US and then returns to South Asia. Due to this reason the average RTT from India and pakistan Pakistan to other South Asian countries is below the acceptable mark.
...
From SLAC 
Normalized TCP Throughput (ii) Packet Loss (iii) Min RTT to World Regions
The left hand most figure shows the yearly average derived TCP throughput (see below for a definition of the derived TCP throughput) normalized by the minimum RTT for the region (to reduce the proximity effects). It is seen that the throughputs typically change in steps as major changes are made in the routing and circuits.
The left hand middle figure shows the packet loss to various regions of the world as seen from N. America. Since losses are fairly distance independent no attempt has been made to normalize the data. It is seen that the world divides up into two major super-regions: N. America, Europe, E. Asia and Oceania with losses below 0.1%, and Latin America, C. Asia, Russia, S.E. Asia, S. Asia and Africa with losses > 0.1% and as high as as a few per-cent. All countries are improving exponentially, but Africa is falling further behind most regions.
The right hand middle figure shows the drop in the Minimum RTT from 2002-2006. The large step for S. Asia in 2003 was due to the change over from satellite to fibre. as the result of gradual shift from Satellite to fiber. Central Asia (also Afghanistan) has hardly moved in its minimum RTT since it continues to use geostationary satellites.
The right hand most graph shows the unreachability of world regions seen from the US. A host is deemed unreachable if all pings of a set fail to respond. It shows the fragility of the links and is mainly distance independent (the reasons for fragility are usually in the last mile, the end site or host). Again the developed regions US and Canada, E. Asia, and Oceania have the lowest unreachability (< 0.3%) whil the other regions have unreachability from 0.7% to 2%, and again Africa is not improving, with S. Asia having the second worst unreachability Fig (iii) shows the drop in the Minimum RTT from 2002-2006 as the result of gradual shift from Satellite to fiber.
TCP throughput from CERN & SLAC to World Regions
...