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PingER Coverage South Asian Countries
Red= Monitoring site Green= Remote site
Routing as Seen from Indian and Pakistan to South Asian Countries
We have PingER monitoring stations in India and Pakistan. Reverse traceroute servers are deployed at PingER monitoring stations which helps us understand how India and Pakistan are connected with different countries of South Asia. India's VSNL provides Internet Service to Nepal and Bhutan, but the strange thing that we noted is that the traffic from India first goes to United Kingdom and then returns to India (passes through two hopes in India Mumbai and Dehli) and the goes to Nepal. And in case of Bhutan it first goes from India to Hong Kong, then returns to India and then eventually goes to Bhutan.
Afghanistan is served by a satellite provider from Germany, so the traffic goes to Germany and satellite it reaches Afghanistan via satellite. Traffic to Bangladesh goes through United Kingdom from India and US and United Kingdom in case of Pakistan. Although Bangladesh now has access to SEMEW4 some of the sites in Bangladesh are still on satellite and the satellite service is provided by a number of European Countries.
Most of the traffic from India and Pakistan goes via Europe and US and then returns to South Asia. Due to this reason the average RTT from India and pakistan to other South Asian countries is below the acceptable mark.
South Asia as compared to the rest of the world regions
In India we have four PingER monitoring sites: CDAC sites in Pune and Mumbai, VSNL in Mumbai and ERnet in Bangalore. In Pakistan we also have four working monitoring sites: two at NIIT/NUST Rawalpindi (one on the Pakistan Educational and Research Network (PERN), the other on a Micronet DSL link), one at the National Center for Physics (NCP) at the Quaid-e-Azam university (QAU) Islamabad, and one at COMSATS university Islamabad. We are also working on getting host(s) within PERN. In addition we have 3 remote (monitored) sites in Afghanistan, 3 in Bangladesh, 2 in Bhutan, 9 in India, 2 in the Maldives, 3 in Nepal, 16 in Pakistan and 6 in Sri lanka. The maps below show the location of the sites.
Red= Monitoring site Green= Remote site
Routing as Seen from Indian and Pakistan to South Asian Countries
We have PingER monitoring stations in India and Pakistan. Reverse traceroute servers are deployed at PingER monitoring stations which helps us understand how India and Pakistan are connected with different countries of South Asia. India's VSNL provides Internet Service to Nepal and Bhutan, but the strange thing that we noted is that the traffic from India first goes to United Kingdom and then returns to India (passes through two hopes in India Mumbai and Dehli) and the goes to Nepal. And in case of Bhutan it first goes from India to Hong Kong, then returns to India and then eventually goes to Bhutan.
Afghanistan is served by a satellite provider from Germany, so the traffic goes to Germany and satellite it reaches Afghanistan via satellite. Traffic to Bangladesh goes through United Kingdom from India and US and United Kingdom in case of Pakistan. Although Bangladesh now has access to SEMEW4 some of the sites in Bangladesh are still on satellite and the satellite service is provided by a number of European Countries.
Most of the traffic from India and Pakistan goes via Europe and US and then returns to South Asia. Due to this reason the average RTT from India and pakistan to other South Asian countries is below the acceptable mark.
South Asia as compared to the rest of the world regions
From SLAC 
Normalized TCP Throughput (ii) Packet Loss (iii) Min RTT to World From SLAC Normalized TCP Throughput (ii) Packet Loss (iii) Min RTT to World Regions
Fig (iii) shows the drop in the Minimum RTT from 2002-2006 as the result of gradual shift from Satellite to fiber.
TCP throughput from CERN to World Regions
Min RTT and Packet Loss of South Asian Countries
International Bandwidth
the drop in the Minimum RTT from 2002-2006 as the result of gradual shift from Satellite to fiber.
TCP throughput from CERN to World Regions
Min RTT and Packet Loss of South Asian Countries
International Bandwidth
Left hand figure from UNDP http://www.apdip.net/projects/dig-rev/info/ middle & right hand figure from Asia Internet Usage and Population Stats. Note that we believe that http://www.apdip.net/projects/dig-rev/info/ figures are 2005/2006 at the latest (there is evidence that many ofthe figures are for 2001-2002 or earlier), while Asia Internet Usage and Population Stats are 2007. This is very important since the growth in Internet users from 2000-2007 was 700% for India and 8,862% for Pakistan. There is also information at http://www.nationmaster.com/index.php but the date for the Internet users per capita appears to be 2004, and the users/capita looks wrong by a factor of 1000.
South Asian Internet User Statistics
Note: The y-scale is Logarithmic. India has ~3000 times the population of the Maldives
Left hand figure from UNDP http://www.apdipinternetworldstats.net/projects/dig-rev/info/ middle & right hand figure from Asia Internet Usage and Population Stats. Note that we believe that http://www.apdip.net/projects/dig-rev/info/ figures are 2005/2006 at the latest (there is evidence that many ofthe figures are for 2001-2002 or earlier), while Asia Internet Usage and Population Stats are 2007. This is very important since the growth in Internet users from 2000-2007 was 700% for India and 8,862% for Pakistan. There is also information at http://www.nationmaster.com/index.php but the date for the Internet users per capita appears to be 2004, and the users/capita looks wrong by a factor of 1000.
South Asian Internet User Statistics
Note: The scale is Logarithmic India has 3000 times more population as compared to Maldives
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
It can be seen that India has got largest population, but the growth in Internet users from 2000-2007 is maximum for Pakistan (8861%). India has got the maximum Internet users about 40 million, which is only (3.65 %) of the population. Pakistan has got about 12 million Internet users with a population penetration of 7.23 %
Average and Min RTT from SLAC to South Asian Countries
It can be seen that India has the largest population, but the growth in Internet users from 2000-2007 is maximum for Pakistan (8861%). India has the maximum Internet users about 40 million, which is only (3.65 %) of the population. Pakistan has about 12 million Internet users with a population penetration of 7.23 %
Average and Min RTT from SLAC to South Asian Countries
Shown here for February 2007, are the average and minimum RTTs per site (the dots), and the aggregate values of average and minimum RTTs for each S. Asian country as seen from SLAC. The dots show the dispersion in the values for a country as well as the number of sites for each country. It is seen that Afghanistan is the worst off (largest values) country in RTT as might be expected since it is using geostationary satellite links. This is followed by Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The best country is India closely followed by the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Afghanistan
PingER has three three sites in Afghanistan that are monititored and they were quite hard to get. For example the Kabul University host is a firewall that does not have stable power and so is usually turned off at night. Also these sites have minimum RTTs greater than 700 ms which indicates that they are all on satellite. The Kabul host is connected via the Silk Roadsatellite that passes through DESY, Germany. The other two are connected via Telia a European ISP. On March 10, 2003, Afghanistan went live on the Web which was previous banned under the Taliban rule. The Internet infrastructure in Afghanistan is immature and the pricing for internet is quite high.
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