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This is a project suggested by Bebo White to build a PingER monitoring host based on an inexpensive piece of hardware called Raspberry Pi (see more about Raspberry Pi) using a linux distribution as OS (see more about Raspbian). If successful one could consider using these in production reducing the costs, power drain (they draw about 2W of 5V DC power compared to typically over 100W for a deskside computer or 20W for a laptop) and space (credit card size) assisting monitoring sites to be able to procure and support such monitoring hosts. This could be very valuable for sites in developing countries where cost, power utilization and to a lesser extent space may be crucial.
PingER
PingER (Ping End-to-end Reporting) is the name given to the Internet End-to-end Performance Measurement (IEPM) project to monitor end-to-end performance of Internet links. It is led by SLAC and development includes NUST/SEECS (formerly NIIT), FNAL, and ICTP/Trieste, together with UM,UNIMAS and UTM in Malaysia. Originally, in 1995 it was for the High Energy Physics community, however, this century it has been more focused on measuring the Digital Divide from an Internet Performance viewpoint. The project now involves measurements to over 700 sites in over 160 countries, and we are actively seeking new sites to monitor and monitoring sites for this project, as well as people interested in our data. It uses the ubiquitous ping facility.
Measurements are made by ~60 measurement Agents (MAs) in 23 countries. They make measurements to over 700 targets in ~ 160 countries containing more than 99% of the world's connected population. The measurement cycle is scheduled at roughly 30 minute intervals. At each measurement cycle, each MA issues a set of pings to each target, stopping when it receives 10 ping responses or it has issued 30 ping requests. From each set of pings one can derive various metrics such as minimum (Min) ping Round Trip Time (RTT) response, average (Avg) RTT, maximum (Max) RTT, standard deviation (Stdev) of RTTs, 25% probability of RTT, 75% probability of RTT, Inter Quartile Range (IQR, )loss, reachability (host is unreachable if get 100 % loss).
Raspberry Pi Model and Specifications
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The installed system is called Raspbian a Debian Linux variant. The OS had Perl, Make, dig, ping and mail installed. We accessed it through the graphic interface of Raspbian. We just had to install: Apache and XML::Simple.
Installation of PingER2 MA on Raspberry Pi
The first step, before start the installation process we had to change the hostname in Raspbian.
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The table below shows the various aggregate metrics measured from monitor to target comparing pinger.slac.stanford with pinger-raspberry.slac.stanford.edu. The columns are arranged in pairs. The first of each pair is for pingerr.slac.stanford.edu, the second for pinger-raspberry.slac.stanford.edu. Each pair is measured over the same time period. Different pairs are measured over different time periods.
Metric \ Monitor Target | pinger to pinger-raspberry | pinger-raspberry to pinger | pinger to sitka | pinger-raspberry to sitka | sitka to pinger | sitka to pinger-raspberry | pinger to CERN | pinger-raspberry to CERN | ||
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Time period | July 15 - July 16 2015July 15 - July 16 2015 | July 15 - July 16 2015 | ||||||||
Samples | 820 | 820 | ||||||||
Min RTT | 0.43 ms | 0.41 ms | 22 ms | 22.3 ms | 22 ms | 22.4 ms | 150 ms | 151 m2ms | ||
Avg RTT | 0.542 ms | 0.529 ms | 23.9 ms | 23.827 ms | 22.303 ms | 22.709 ms | 150.307 ms | 151.024 ms | ||
Max RTT | 1.15 ms | 20.8 ms | 761 ms | 334 ms | 26.3 ms | 25.9 ms | 288 ms | 183 ms | ||
Stdev | 0.055 ms | 0.540 ms | 9.58 ms | 9.60 ms | 0.219 ms | 0.222 ms | 9.572 ms | 9.594 ms | ||
Median RTT | 0.542 ms | 0.51 ms | 22.3 ms | 22.7 ms | 22.3 ms | 22.7 ms | 150 ms | 151 ms | ||
25% | 0.514 ms | 0.48 ms | 22.2 ms | 22.69 ms | 22.3 ms | 22.8 ms | 149.99 ms | 150.99 ms | ||
75% | 0.564 ms | 0.532 ms | 22.4 ms | 22.8 ms | 22.19 ms | 22.59 ms | 151 ms | 151 ms | ||
IQR | 0.05 ms | 0.052 ms | 0.2 ms | 0.11 ms | 0.113 ms | 0.210 ms | 1.01 ms | 0.01 ms | ||
Min IPD | -0.59 ms | -20.29 ms | -244 ms | -235.1 ms | -0.4 ms | -0.39 ms | -137 ms | -32 ms | ||
Avg IPD | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 | ||
Max IPD | 0.62 ms | 20.26 ms | 268 ms | 146 ms | 3.6 ms | 3.29 ms | 138 ms | 32 ms | ||
Median IPD | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | ||
Stdev | 0.248 ms | 0.296 ms | ||||||||
25% IPD | -0.04 ms | -0.03 ms | -0.1 ms | -0.11 ms | -0.1 ms | -0.1 ms | -0.01 ms | -0.01 ms | ||
75% IPD | 0.03 ms | 0.02 ms | 0.09 ms | 0.1 ms | 0.01 ms | 0.01 09 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | ||
IQR IPD | 0.07 ms | 0.05 ms | 0.190 ms | 0.210 ms | 0.2 ms | 0.190ms | 0.01 ms | 0.01 ms | ||
Min(abs(IPD)) | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | ||
Avg(abs(IPD)) | 0.041 ms | 0.066 ms | 0.424 ms | 0.406 ms | 0.120 ms | 0.139 ms | 0.386 ms | 0.046 ms | ||
Max(abs(IPD)) | 0.0628ms | 20.294 ms | 268 ms | 235.1 ms | 4 ms | 3.29 ms | 138 ms | 32 ms | ||
Stdev | 0.248 ms | 0.262 235.1 ms | 138 ms | |||||||
32 ms | Median(abs(IPD)) | 0.03ms | 0.024 ms | 0.09 ms | 0.1 ms | 0.1 ms | 0.09 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | |
25%(abs(IPD)) | 0.01ms | 0.008 ms | 0.01 ms | 0.01 ms | -0.01 ms | -0.01 ms | 0.01 ms | 0.01 ms | ||
75%(abs(IPD)) | 0.058 ms | 0.05 ms | 0.1 ms | 0.19 ms | 0.1 ms | 0.19 ms | 1 ms | 0 ms | ||
IQR(abs(IPD) | 0.048 ms | 0.042 ms | 0.09 ms | 0.11 ms | 0.11 ms | 0.2 ms | 0.009 ms | 0.01 ms | ||
Loss | 0% | 0% | 0.008% | 0.000% | 0.000% | 0% | 0% |
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
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